Background Globally, the burden of stroke is increasing at an alarming rate. Factors associated with stroke among hypertensive patients are not consistent across different studies and there are limited studies particularly to hypertensive stroke in the particular setting. This study aimed to assess factors associated with stroke among patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2018. Methods Hospital-based case-control study was conducted from February to April 2018. Cases were adult hypertensive patients with stroke and controls were adult hypertensive patients without a stroke. Cases and controls were identified from the patient's card review. Using a systematic random sampling technique 89 cases and 356 controls were included in this study. Record review, physical measurement, and interview techniques were used to collect data. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in the bivariate logistic regression were selected for multivariable logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the association. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results The mean age of cases and controls were 56.3 years (SD±13.53) and 51.9 years (SD

Background. Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder among prisoners and is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Depression affects more for those who are less educated, female, single, and young prisoners, and worldwide prevalence of depression among prisoners is 10.2% and 14% for male and female prisoners, respectively. However, a study conducted on prevalence of depression and associated factors is scarce in Ethiopia (Tigray) despite there is high magnitude. Methodology. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 414 prisoners in Mekelle General Prison Center. Data were collected from April to May 2019. A structured and standardized data collection tool (PHQ-9) was used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out by SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was determined at P value < 0.05. Result. In this study, 408 prisoners had participated. The prevalence of depression among prisoners was found to be 228 (55.9%; 95% CI: 51.2%, 61%). Being unemployed and student, lifetime substance use, history of child abuse, weight loss in prison, quality of meal in prison, being not happy inside prison, being sentenced for more than six years, and poor and moderate social support were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion. Prevalence of depression among prisoners was found to be high (55.9%). Prisoners who had lifetime substance use, being unemployed and student, history of childhood abuse, weight loss inside prison, being sentenced for more than six years, not happy inside prison, lack of social support, and poor quality of prison meal were more likely to have depression. Thus, giving training to strengthen social support, giving training on how to cope up with prison environment, giving training to scale up a happy life, and improving quality of prison meal as well as mental health service will help to reduce the problem. Conducting interventional study is relevant.

Background delirium is an acute reversible mental disorder characterized by disturbance in consciousness, confusion, disorientation and agitation. Although delirium more affects older patients and patients in intensive care unit the problem is also prevalent among all hospitalized patients with the range 10–60%. Objective the aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of delirium among hospitalized patients in Mekelle public hospitals, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methodology an institution based cross sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 368 hospitalized patients in Mekelle public hospitals. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants and proportional allocation was made to each public hospitals. Structured and standardized data collection tool was used. Univariate, bivarite and multivariable analysis was carried out by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Statistical significance was determined at p-value 0.05. Result in this study 358 participants were interviewed which makes 97.3% response rate. The prevalence rate of delirium among hospitalized patients was found to be 45 (12.6%). Older age (60 years and above), previous cognitive impairment, sensory impairment, having anxiety disorder and being single were significantly associated with delirium in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion the prevalence of delirium was high among Mekelle public hospitals inpatients. Older age (60 years and above), previous cognitive impairment, sensory impairment, having anxiety disorder and being single were significantly associated with delirium.

Background: Stroke is a chronic non-communicable disease results from infraction or spontaneous hemorrhage in the brain. The burden of stroke is increasing in alarming rate globally. In 2013 there were 6.5 million stroke deaths, 113 million disability-adjusted life years due to stroke from this, 75.2% of all stroke mortality and 81.0% of stroke-related disability- adjusted life years are from the developing countries. In Ethiopia, 7% of total deaths are attributed by stroke. This study aims to assess the determinants of stroke among patients with hypertension in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2018. Methods: Hospital-based case-control study was conducted from February to April 2018. Cases were adult hypertensive patients with stroke and controls were adult hypertensive patients without stroke. Using a systematic random sampling technique 89 case and 356 controls were included in this study. Record review, physical measurement and interview techniques were used to collect data. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Variables with a p-value less than 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were selected for multivariable logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used to determine the association. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance in multivariable analysis. Result: The mean age of cases were 56.3years (SD±13.53years) and 51.9 years (SD±12.67 years) for controls. Majority 59 (66.3%) of the case and around one third 106(30%) of controls were non-adherent to medication. Lost to follow up (AOR=2.474, 95%CI: 1.368-4.929), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.440, 95%CI: 1.291-4.613), use of salty diet (AOR=3.249, 95%CI: (1.544-6.837), medication non-adherence (AOR=3.967, 95%CI: 2.256-6.973), uncontrolled systolic blood pressure, (AOR=3.196, 95%CI: 1.60-6.382), uncontrolled diastolic blood pressure (AOR=2.204, 95%CI: 1.130-4.297) and high cholesterol level(AOR=2.413, 95%CI: 1.319-4.414) were found to be significant determinants. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption, lost to follow up, salty diet, high cholesterol level and uncontrolled systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with stroke so, health education on lifestyle practices and hypertension-related complications in each follow-up visit through health professionals are very essential to avert the problem. Keywords: Stroke, Hypertension, determinant, Mekelle, Ethiopia