Background: Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are linked to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, the exact role of PHD3, a member of PHD family, in IBD is unknown. Results: Deletion of Phd3 in mice intestinal epithelial cells causes spontaneous colitis. Conclusion: PHD3 protects the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Significance: The results are helpful for the development of therapeutic strategies for IBD.

Background: PAX2, a transcription factor, plays a role in embryogenesis. Results: Knockdown of PAX2 inhibits colon cancer cells proliferation and xenograft growth. PAX2 activates AP-1, leading to increased expression of cyclin D1. Conclusion: PAX2 promotes proliferation of colon cancer cells via AP-1. Significance: PAX2 exhibits oncogenic properties in colon cancer cells and may serve as a target for cancer therapy.