BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infection is an infectious disease that has a high prevalence with unclear clinical symptoms and predominantly affects children in the age range of 5–14 years. AIM: This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors for STH infections in elementary school students in an STH endemic area. METHODS: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. Risk factors were obtained by a questionnaire, and the diagnosis of STH infection was established through a fecal examination with the modified Kato-Katz method. The data are then processed and analyzed using the SPSS application. Chi-square test and risk assessment are used to determine risk factors for STH infection. RESULTS: A total of 138 children participated in this study. The prevalence of STH infections obtained was 56.5% with Trichuris trichiura (53.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (18%), and both (28.2%) as etiology. The degree of STH infection varies from mild-to-severe. All risk factors related to hygiene and sanitation have a statistically significant relationship with the prevalence of STH infections. Eating while playing on the ground was the most influential risk factor for the high prevalence of STH infections (p <0.001, PR = 2.611, CI 95% = 1.961–3.477). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of STH infections in elementary schoolchildren in Tenganan village was 56.5%. Low personal hygiene and sanitation are risk factors for STH infection that can be overcome; therefore, it is necessary to introduce early prevention efforts in elementary schoolchildren as one risk group for STH infection.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) mono-infection has radiological features and typical clinical manifestation that are easily recognized by clinicians. These radiological features and clinical manifestation are often found to show atypical features in subjects coinfected with Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), making TB diagnosis and early management challenging to establish. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between clinical and radiological presentation of pulmonary TB patients with HIV coinfection at the Central General Hospital Sanglah, Bali. Methods: This research was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional method. A total of 54 TB-HIV coinfected patients were analyzed to their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and chest radiographic features. Results: The majority of subjects were of productive age (26-61 years), male (64.8%) and belonged to the heterosexual group (90.7%). Weight loss (75.9%), cough (64.8%) and oral candidiasis (53.7%) are the most common clinical manifestations found in subjects, especially in subjects with CD4+ >200 cells/mm3 . Atypical radiological features such as infiltration/consolidation (59.3%), fibrosis (16.7%) and hillar lymphadenopathy (14.8%) are the most commonly obtained radiological features of the subjects. From the results of the bivariate analysis, it was found that radiological in the form of infiltration/consolidation were more commonly found in subjects with CD4+ <200 cells/mm3 (OR=1.254; 95% CI 1.059-1.568). Conclusion: Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there are no typical radiological features and clinical manifestation in patients with TB-HIV infection.

The management of certain health disorder can be done through a combination of conventional methods, namely with medicine, as well as traditional in a holistic (comprehensive) manner. The same also can be done for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Breath training technique and self-relaxation can be used as a complement, in addition to the consumption of drugs. Yoga pranayama combined with music therapy is a new rehabilitation therapy combination that can be implemented. This study was a narrative literature review composed by original articles and reviews written in English, aims to determine the potential of a combination of yoga pranayama and music therapy as a holistic rehabilitation therapy in patients with COPD. That therapy combination has been proven capable by some literatures in reducing dyspnea, increasing lung capacity and oxygen saturation, improving fitness and minimizing anxiety level, however, there were not any studies that ensure the potency of this therapy combination in COPD patients, therefore further research should be addressed.

Preeklampsia merupakan sindrom yang dapat mengganggu fungsi berbagai sistem meliputi kardiovaskular, hepatorenal, hematologis, dan neurologis. Hampir separuh pasien preeklampsia-eklampsia mengalami gejala okular, yang memerlukan pemeriksaan oftalmologi lebih lanjut. Manifestasi okular cenderung ditemukan pada derajat preeklampsia yang lebih berat. Penglihatan kabur (blurred vision) merupakan gejala okular yang paling sering dilaporkan. Studi literatur ini membahas patofisiologi, implikasi klinis, dan penanganan yang tepat atas manifestasi okular terkait preeklampsia-eklampsia.   Preeclampsia is a multisystem syndrome that affects cardiovascular, hepatorenal, hematologic, and neurologic systems. More than half preeclampsia-eclampsia patients’ experienced visual symptoms that may need further ophthalmologic examination. The ocular manifestation was shown to correspond with a more severe preeclamptic state. Blurred vision is the most common visual complaint. This review discusses pathophysiology, clinical implications, and treatment approach in preeclamptic patients with ocular manifestation.

Background: Visual impairment is affected by multiple factors which consists of internal factor and environmental factor especially near work activity and outdoor activity. The role of its factor depends on geographical situation, economical condition and local culture.Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of visual acuity reduction and associated factors towards visual acuity of local civilians in Ngis village, Manggis sub-district, Karangasem district, Bali province in 2017.Method: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 63 people aged 12-70 years old (27 male; 38 female) in Ngis village. The data was obtained through a 6 meter Snellen chart examination and an interview with a questionnaire guide.Results: The results showed a sharp reduction in vision of the local civilians was 37 people (58.7%) which varying from mild impairment untill NLP. A significant relationship (p<0,05) between outdoor activity toward reduction of visual acuity (PR=3.008 [95% CI: 1,039-8,714]). And another factor such as watching television, usage of smartphone and reading in the room (PR=0,659 [IK 95%: 0,221-1,962]; PR=0,579 [IK 95%:0,464-0,722]; PR=0,5 [IK 95%:0,092-2,706]) showed inconsistent relationship.Conclusion: There are some local civilians in Ngis Village that experienced undiagnosed sharp reduction in visual acuity which affected by multiple factorial. Latar Belakang: Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi dari gangguan penglihatan yang berhubungan dengan tajam penglihatan salah satunya aktivitas jarak dekat dan aktivitas di luar ruangan. Hubungan dari faktor-faktor tersebut bervariasi bergantung pada kondisi geografis, ekonomi dan budaya dari masyarakat setempat.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui prevalensi penurunan tajam penglihatan dan hubungan faktor terkait terhadap tajam penglihatan pada masyarakat di desa Ngis, kecamatan Manggis, kabupaten Karangasem, provinsi Bali tahun 2017.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif cross-sectional dengan sampel masyarakat umur 12-70 tahun desa Ngis yang berjumlah 63 orang (27 laki-laki; 38 perempuan). Data didapatkan melalui pemeriksaan Snellen chart 6 meter serta wawancara dengan panduan kuisioner.Hasil: prevalensi penurunan tajam penglihatan penduduk desa Ngis adalah 37 orang (58,7%) dengan penurunan tajam penglihatan yang bervarisi dari penurunan ringan hingga NLP. Dari beberapa faktor terkait yang diteliti diperoleh hasil yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada faktor bekerja di luar ruangan (PR=3.008 [IK 95%: 1,039-8,714]). Beberapa faktor lainnya seperti kebiasaan menonton televisi (PR=0,659 [IK 95%: 0,221-1,962); penggunaan smartphone (PR=0,579 [IK 95%:0,464-0,722); membaca dalam ruangan (PR=0,5 [IK 95%:0,092-2,706) dan aktivitas di luar ruangan tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan.Kesimpulan: Terjadi penurunan tajam penglihatan pada penduduk Desa Ngis yang tidak diketahui sebelumnya, hal ini disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor dalam hal ini faktor lingkungan.