A palladium-catalyzed ligand-free carbonylation reaction has been developed for the synthesis of indenones. Under CO atmosphere, this cascade reaction proceeded smoothly to provide the desired indenones in moderate to excellent yields with good functional-group compatibility. The mechanistic investigations suggested the in situ formation of palladium nanoparticles and this transformation was driven by a controlled reaction sequence of alkyne insertion followed by carbonylation and annulation to form the indenone framework.

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An efficient palladium-catalyzed three-component cascade reaction has been developed for the facile construction of phenanthrene frameworks.

A direct and practical approach for the construction of DBTs was developed via a Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction, in which commercially available o-bromo-iodobenzenes combined with benzene thiols or iodobenzenes combined with o-bromo-benzene thiols were applied.