There are several circulated hormones that control intravascular blood volume which are secreted from cardiac tissue, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP). These peptides will be elevated in case of heart failure (HF), and because of their diuretic, natriuretic, vasodilating effects as well as suppressing renin production they will work as compensated for HF. The natriuretic peptides system has critical effect against renin – angiotensin – aldosterone system (RAAS). A suggested therapeutic approach was discussed in HF treatment via performing human recombinant ANP and BNP, but it’s requiring more clinical trials to evaluate the quality of this approach compared to conventional treatment.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide; it can be successfully treated in the early stages. Screening for cancer should be performed in safe, accurate, cost-effective, and non-invasive techniques and therefore achieved the patient convenience. The salivary diagnosis could be a promising era in oncological fields, which have some correlations with serum biomarkers in certain cancers. In this paper, we reviewed some of the salivary biomarkers in detecting different cancers and their origins [genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiota].