In this study, data of the household income and consumption expenditure surveys conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute for 1994 and 2003 years were used; income, price, and cross price elasticities under six aggregated product groups were estimated within the framework of the an almost ideal demand system approach for food expenditures; and estimation of household consumers' food demand in Turkey was analyzed. According to the findings obtained, it was established that a price-bound change would appear in the food demand, and elasticities were calculated. Expenditures by product groups and price elasticities were obtained, and the product groups were aggregated as bread and cereals; meat, fish, and poultry; milk and dairy products, oil and egg; vegetables and fruits; various fast food and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

A missing component of existing research on Turkey's citrus products is examination of their revealed comparative advantage (RCA). Such information would enable a comparison of Turkey and EU-15 countries in regard to citrus sector competitiveness. Therefore, this study calculates the RCA for citrus products and explores their competitiveness as well as components of their competitive performance. RCAs for citrus trade performances of both EU-15 countries and Turkey are examined, and the sources of export performance and competitiveness are newly presented. The results indicate that the principle of comparative advantage is a useful tool for understanding the future of citrus agriculture in EU-15 countries and Turkey. In line with the assumption that the dynamics of comparative advantage have become increasingly transparent as citrus markets have become less fettered by government trade, this study uses an RCA index to investigate the patterns of comparative advantage in the EU-15 countries and Turkey in regard to citrus exports. Since the beginning of the Entry Price System in the European Union in 1995, significant changes in citrus export performance have occurred. The RCA index of the Turkish citrus sector within EU-15 countries (RCAe) shows that Greece, Spain, Italy, and Portugal are Turkey's main competitors. The RCAe index and relative trade advantage index indicate that Turkey's competitive power is greater than those of Spain, Italy, Greece, and Portugal in lemon/limes and grapefruit exports.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; araştırma bölgesi olan Konya ilinde buğday üretiminde tarım ilaçları kullanımının incelenmesi ve birim alana düşen tarım ilaçları kullanım miktarının herbisit, fungisit, insektisit ve rodentisit ayrımında tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler buğday üreticilerinden anket yolu ile elde edilmiştir. Tarım ilaçlarının aktif madde miktarlarının hesaplanmasında; anket sonuçlarından elde edilen tarım ilaçları kullanım miktarı ile bu ilaçlara ait aktif madde oranları çarpılmış ve aktif madde ayrımında toplulaştırılmıştır. İncelenen işletmelerde birim alana düşen tohum ve ürün uygulaması dâhil toplam aktif madde kullanımı 0.48 kg ha-1 'dır. İncelenen işletmelerde aktif madde kullanımı Türkiye (0.47 kg ha-1) ortalamasına oldukça yakın bulunmuştur. Bazı Avrupa ülkeleri ile incelenen işletmelerde aktif madde kullanımları karşılaştırıldığında; incelenen işletmelerde birim alana düşen aktif madde kullanımının bu ülkelerden daha düşük olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durum, ülke genelinde olduğu gibi araştırma bölgesinde de entansifleşme düzeyinin düşük olduğunu göstermektedir.

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