Previous economic studies that analyzed adoption of environment-oriented practices used adoption theories that are primarUy developed for profit-oriented practices. The objective of the current analysis is, by simultaneously incorporating win-win, environmentoriented, and profit-oriented practices into the econometric analysis, to analyze the similarities and differences regarding signs and relative magnitudes of the factors affecting adoption. A survey of livestock farmers in Missouri and Iowa was conducted.The probit regression results show that there are more simUarities than differences in the factors affecting adoption of environment-and profit-oriented practices. "For example, the environmental benefits of Roundup Ready.soybeans positively affected adoption while perceived profitabOity positively affected adoption of every practice. Overall, perceptions about the practices, manure handUng systems, and species are the most common factors that had a strong impact on adoption.

Off-farm income as a share of total farm household income has been increasing. Previous studies found inconsistent results regarding the impact of off-farm income on adoption of conservation practices. We test the hypothesis that off-farm employment has a positive impact on adoption of capital incentive practices and a negative impact on adoption of labor-intensive practices. The results confirm that adoption of injecting manure into the soil, a capitalintensive practice, is positively and significantly impacted by off-farm employment of the operator. However, off-farm employment variables had no effect on adoption of record keeping.

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Three manure application limits (N Limit, Annual P Limit and P Banking) were modeled with particular attention to the number of hours needed to appropriately distribute manure. The benefit and costs estimates indicated that P Banking was more profitable than N Limit which was more profitable than Annual P Limit. The number of hours required indicated that the Annual P Limit would not be completed within a two month window approximately 2 of 10 years. The increased number of hours for the Annual P Limit also increased the probability of a runoff event following manure application, relative to the other two scenarios. This work indicates that regulations that require Annual P Limits of manure cost the farmer and may have the unintended consequence of increasing runoff.