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Introduction:The aim of this study is to examine the effect of chronic respiratory diseases, which is one of the noncommunicable diseases, on health expenditures using the static panel regression method. Methods: The static panel data methodology was used in the study. The data set consists of annual data from 36 OECD countries covering the period 2004-2017. STATA 13.0 program was used for analysis. Results: It was concluded that the logarithm of the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases has an econometrically significant and positive effect on the logarithm of the total amount of health expenditure per capita by purchasing power parity, on the logarithm of the total amount of public health expenditure per capita, and on the logarithm of total OOP spending per capita. Conclusion: Chronic respiratory diseases, which are among noncommunicable diseases, pose financial risks in both developed and developing countries and threaten the financial continuity and effectiveness of health systems.

Today, as in all businesses, a great deal of importance is given to brand image and brand perception in the health sector. While brand image has an important effect in terms of marketing, brand perception has an important function that triggers the purchasing behavior of customers with the general concept. As in other sectors, the importance of the use of new media in the health sector has been adopted. The scale developed in this study includes items including new media in branding studies in the hospital and pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study is to perform reliability analyzes of the scale of brand image and perception in the health sector with questions including new media in the branding studies of institutions and to bring a new scale to the literature. For this purpose, research data were collected by applying face-to-face questionnaires to a total of 221 patients and 18 opinion leaders between the ages of 18-64 for the health group and pharmaceutical company included in the study. The survey answers collected in the study were analyzed using the SPSS Windows 20.00 and AMOS 22.0 program, and the data obtained were subjected to statistical analyzes to obtain demographic percentage distribution, confirmatory factor analysis, and exploratory factor analysis, respectively. In addition, Cronbach Alpha value and variance values for which discriminant validity was explained were examined with statistical data analysis. According to the findings, it was concluded that the scale expressions were collected in six sub-dimensions under the main dimensions of brand personality and brand strength. With this study, statistical data were presented to researchers who want to conduct scientific research on brand image and brand perception in the health sector.

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