Cereals play a significant role in the Ukrainian economy and agriculture. Viral diseases can cause a serious reduction in yields. Aim. The aim of the work was to identify and determine the spread of grain viruses in the main cereal-growing regions of Ukraine in the period 2020–2021 using different methods of virus detection. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to identify viruses using commercial test systems by for wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), wheat dwarf virus (WDV), High Plainswheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV), barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV (BYDV-MAV), andcereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV). Transmission electron microscopy was used for direct virus detection. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify viruses by molecular methods. Results. Summarizing the results obtained by different methods, we can say about the circulation of WSMV, HPWMoV, BSMV, BYDV-PAV, and BYDV-MAV in the Ukrainian agrocoenoses in 2020–2021. Significant prevalence and the dominant role of WSMV have been shown, with the degree of damage to symptomatic plants reaching 52 %. The spread of HPWMoV in Kyiv and Poltava regions has been established, although previously the virus was detected only in the eastern part of our country. WSMV was more likely to induce monoinfection (70 %). Conclusions. During the testing of symptomatic plants in the agrocenoses of Ukraine in 2020–2021 the most common were WSMV and HPWMoV (52 % and 19 %, respectively), also found BYDV-PAV in winter wheat and BYDV-MAV in oats.

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