Tujuan Membuktikan efek neuroproteksi dan/atau neuroterapi ekstrak air Acalypha indica Linn. pada katak yang dilumpuhkan dengan injeksi pankuronium bromida Metode Enam puluh ekor katak (Bufo melanostictus Schneider) dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok neuroproteksi dan neuroterapi. Setiap kelompok dibagi ke dalam 6 subkelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (diberi air); kontrol positif (pirasetam), dan 4 kelompok dosis ekstrak: 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/KgBB. Pankuronim bromida 0,2 %, pelumpuh otot, disuntikkan subkutan pada punggung katak. Untuk efek proteksi, ekstrak diberikan per oral 1 jam sebelum disuntik, sedangkan untuk efek terapi ekstrak diberikan, sepuluh menit sesudah penyuntikan pankuronium bromida. Parameter yang diukur adalah waktu (menit) timbul dan lama kelumpuhan, serta waktu untuk perbaikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dosis ekstrak 400 dan 500 mg/KgBB terjadi efek neuroproteksi yang berbeda bermakna dibanding kontrol negatif dan pirasetam (p<0.05). Ekstrak pada dosis 200-500 mg/KgBB menunjukkan efek neuroterapi yang berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kontrol negatif (p=0,000) dan tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan pirasetam, kecuali pada dosis ekstrak 300 mg/KgBB, menunjukkan efek lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pirasetam (p=0,012). Kesimpulan Bahwa ekstrak air Acalypha indica Linn. memiliki efek neuroproteksi dan neuroterapi yang sama atau lebih baik dibandingkan pirasetam pada katak yang dilumpuhkan dengan pankuronium bromida. Namun, masih diperlukan uji farmakodinamik dan farmakokinetik pada dua model hewan coba yang lazim digunakan.
The studies of neuro-protection and neuro-therapy effects of Acalypha indica Linn. water extract ex vivo on Musculus gastrocnemius frog have already done at three Departments in Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. The experimental studies were done on 2 groups of frog for neuro-protection and neuro-therapy effects. Each group of frog was divided into 7 subgroups of application, 4 samples each. There were 5 subgroups of doses: 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 mg and 2 subgroups as control. Pancuronium bromide 0.2%, 4 mg, was used for a positive control as muscle relaxant. Neuroprotection study was done as follow: ringer-extract-pancuronium bromide, and neuro-therapy study was ringerpancuronium bromide-extract, respectively. The parameters measured in these studies were the electrical activities such as amount and duration (second) of re-polarization; depolarization, resting potential, and the height of spike after electrical stimulation at 5 mV. Neuro-protection effect of extract was determined by the ability of muscle to show the electrical response after incubating with pancuronium bromide for 10 minutes, and after incubating with extract for 10 minutes for neuro-therapy effect. In the dose of 15 mg and 20 mg/mL of A. indica Linn. extract showed better activities than the dose of 25 mg of extract, both as neuro-protection and neuro-therapy effects, but statistically its have not a significant difference. This study should be followed by an in vivo experiment on frog and it would be done in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on other animal models.
AbstrakTelah dikembangkan probe sensor kelembaban menggunakan serat optik dengan cladding gelatin. Pada probe sensor kelembaban ini, cladding asli serat optik diganti dengan lapisan gelatin sebagai cladding sensitif kelembaban. Untuk menguji respon sensor serat optik yang dibuat, dilakukan pengukuran intensitas cahaya yang ditransmisikan pada probe serat optik untuk setiap variasi perlakuan kelembaban berbeda. Respon probe sensor serat optik ini diukur dari kelembaban 42% hingga 99% RH, hasilnya memperlihatkan kurva transmisi optik berbavariasi terhadap nilai kelembaban relatif (RH). Transmisi optik di dalam probe serat optik meningkat terhadap kenaikan nilai RH pada suatu rentang panjang gelombang spesifik, yaitu pada spektrum pita hijau hingga merah (500 nm -700 nm), dengan variasi signifikan pada rentang 600 nm sampai 650 nm atau dalam pita spektrum kuning hingga merah. Panjang gelombang dimana intensitas maksimum transmisi optik terjadi pada panjang gelombang 610 nm. Dengan demikian, probe sensor kelembaban serat optik ini dapat merespon kelembaban dari 42 %R hingga 99%H dengan respon terbaik pada rentang kelembaban 60%RH hingga 72%R yang memiliki linieritas dan sensitifitas yang cukup baik. AbstractDevelopment of Fiber-Optic Humidity Sensor Probe with Gelatin Cladding. Humidity sensor based on optical fiber with gelatin cladding has been developed. In this humidity sensor probe, the origin cladding of optical fiber is replaced by gelatin coating as humidity sensitive cladding. Testing of the optical fiber sensor probe was conducted by measuring of light intensity transmitted on the optical fiber probe for each variation of different humidity treatments. Response of the optical fiber sensor probe measured from 42%RH to 99%RH, the results show an optical transmission curve varied with relative humidity (RH). Optical transmission in the optical fiber probe increase with RH value at a specific wavelength range, that is from green to red spectrum bands (500 nm -700 nm), where a significant variation from 600 nm to 650 nm in yellow to red spectrum bands. Wavelength where is a maximum intensity of optical transmission occurs at 610 nm. Therefore, the optical fiber humidity sensor probe could response humidity form 42%RH to 99%RH with the best response in humidity range of 60%RH to 72%RH that is have a good linearity and sensitivity.
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