The application of remote sensing sciences in the field of geology is very diverse and wide. One of its most important applications in earth sciences is geological mapping. Mineral exploration using remote sensing techniques is done in different ways, one of them is the mapping alteration zones related to mineral resources. Given the importance of remote sensing and geosciences in today's industry and given that deposit-related alteration areas are one of the most important exploratory keys. in this review study the mapping methods and alteration zones detection using remote sensing techniques and other applications of remote sensing in earth sciences and its generalities are explained.

One of the fundamental equations in calculate the saturation of fluid in hydrocarbon reservoirs is the Archie’s equation. In addition to the parameters measured by well logging such as porosity and resistivity, there are others parameters that called Archie’s coefficients. Archie provides constant values for this coefficient base on experimental core’s data, accordance with saturation formula in sandstone. In carbonate reservoirs nevertheless the sandstone reservoirs, high heterogeneity, variety in lithology and texture, shape and distribution of pores, due to this coefficient is not constant. So, variation of tortuosity as a coefficient that depends on the way correlation between pores, is high and considering a constant value due to error in calculation of fluid saturation. In this study, with the stoneley waves measured from DSI tools and required calculation, the value of tortuosity coefficient calculated continuously in well no.10 Darkhovin field. The regression of calculated values with the core data is 83.16 percent, that showed this method is useable for calculation the tortuosity.

Artificial neural network (ANN) is one of the practical methods for prediction in various sciences. In this study, which was carried out on Glass and Crystal Factory in Isfahan, the amount of silica purification used in industry has been investigated according to its analyses. In this discussion, according to the artificial neural network algorithm back propagation neural network (BPNN), the amount of silica (SiO2) was predicted according to rock main oxides in chemical analysis. These studies can be used as a criterion for estimating the purity for use in the factory due to the high accuracy obtained.

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Mineral exploration is done by different methods. Geophysical and geochemical studies are two powerful tools in this field. In integrated studies, the results of each study are used to determine the location of the drilling boreholes. The purpose of this study is to use field geophysics to calculate the depth of mineral reserve. The study area is located 38 km from Zarand city called Jalalabad iron mine. In this study, gravimetric data were measured and mineral depth was calculated using the Euler method. 1314 readings have been performed in this area. The rocks of the region include volcanic and sedimentary. The source of the mineralization in the area is hydrothermal processes. After gravity measuring in the region, the data were corrected, then various methods such as anomalous map remaining in levels one and two, upward expansion, first and second-degree vertical derivatives, analytical method, and analytical signal were drawn, and finally, the depth of the deposit was estimated by Euler method. As a result, the depth of the mineral deposit was calculated to be between 20 and 30 meters on average.