Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a liquid-liquid fractionation technique and has gained an interest because of great potential for the extraction, separation, purification and enrichment of proteins, membranes, viruses, enzymes, nucleic acids and other biomolecules both in industry and academia. Although, the partition behavior involved in the method is complex and difficult to predict. Current research shows that it has also been successfully used in the detection of veterinary drug residues in food, separation of precious metals, sewage treatment and a variety of other purposes. The ATPS is able to give high recovery yield and is easily to scale up. It is also very economic and environment friendly method. The aim of this review is to overview the basics of ATPS, optimization and its applications.

Benefits and risks of antimicrobial drugs, used in food-producing animals, continue to be complex and controversial issues. This review comprehensively presents the benefits of antimicrobials drugs regarding control of animal diseases, protection of public health, enhancement of animal production, improvement of environment, and effects of the drugs on biogas production and public health associated with antimicrobial resistance. The positive and negative impacts, due to ban issue of antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals, are also included in the discussion. As a double-edged sword, use of these drugs in food-animals persists as a great challenge.

This study investigates the relationship between the dimensions of electronic (E)-banking service quality and customer purchasing intentions with the mediating role of customer satisfaction. Data were collected from employees and customers, working in different banks of Qatar through a validated closed-ended questionnaire from a sample of 235. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were implied to the obtained data to test the study hypothesis, and the report provided accurate results as per our expectations. The results of the study indicate that reliability, efficiency, responsiveness, communication, security, and privacy have a significant and positive impact on customer purchasing intentions. Customer purchasing intentions are significantly increased when the customers are satisfied with E-banking service quality. The mediating role of customer satisfaction was established for E-banking service quality and customer purchase intentions. Customer satisfaction tested as a mediator has shown a partial impact on the relationship between information technology (IT), E-banking service quality, and customer purchasing intentions. This study has significantly contributed to the area of research primarily within the domain of behavioral finance. The study also provides significant implications for academicians and practitioners.

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Prokaryotes have developed numerous innate immune mechanisms in order to fend off bacteriophage or plasmid attack. One of these immune systems is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). CRISPR-associated proteins play a key role in survival of prokaryotes against invaders, as these systems cleave DNA of foreign genetic elements. Beyond providing immunity, these systems have significant impact in altering the bacterial physiology in term of its virulence and pathogenicity, as well as evolution. Also, due to their diverse nature of functionality, cas9 endoribonuclease can be easily reprogrammed with the help of guide RNAs, showing unprecedented potential and significance for gene editing in treating genetic diseases. Here, we also discuss the use of NgAgo–gDNA system in genome editing of human cells.