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BackgroundIt is known that cardiopulmonary bypass causes an inflammatory reaction with associated morbidity and mortality. Several anti-inflammatory strategies have been implemented to reduce this response, including leukocyte removal from the circulation using specialized filters.ObjectivesThe aim of this randomized clinical study was to assess the impact of arterial-line systemic leukocyte filtration on the postoperative outcome of adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.Patients and Methods114 patients undergoing CABG or valve replacement in Baqiyatallah hospital, Tehran, Iran from May to August 2011 were randomly assigned to two groups: with and without leukocyte filtration and their outcomes were compared.ResultsThe postoperative intubation time was significantly shorter in patients with leukocyte filters (0.014). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding other outcome relatedvariables.ConclusionsSystemic arterial leukocyte filtration reduces the intubation time but has no other beneficial effect on the outcome of patients undergoing CABG or valve surgery.

This study assesses the energy, exergy, economic, and environmental performance of a gas stabilization unit by employing a new strategy to implement an advanced control system. The advanced process control (APC) strategy is established based on the response surface methodology to assess the real-time performance of the process. The RSM-based APC technique targets the energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) performance of the process in unsteady-state operations. A detailed sensitivity analysis is also conducted to evaluate the relative significance of operating parameters on the objective functions, such as exergy efficiency, energy cost, and CO2 emission. The RSM-based APC strategy proposes an algorithm that can readily be implemented in the plant to increase the plant’s energy performance. Implementing this intelligent control system leads to the production of standard products, while production cost, energy consumption, exergy efficiency, and environmental impacts are enhanced. The exergy and sensitivity results indicate that the stabilization tower has the highest potential for process enhancement, and reboiler temperature is the most influential factor among operating parameters. Also, the RSM-based APC improves the exergy efficiency of the plant by 19% and reduces the energy cost by 13%. At the optimal state, 457 kg/h CO2 emission is prevented.

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