We aimed to compare the accuracy of digital axillary thermometer (DAT), rectal glass mercury thermometer (RGMT), infrared tympanic thermometer (ITT) and infrared forehead skin thermometer (IFST) measurements with traditional axillary glass mercury thermometer (AGMT) for intermittent temperature measurement in sick newborns. A prospective, descriptive and comparative study in which five different types of thermometer readings were performed sequentially for 3 days. A total of 1989 measurements were collected from 663 newborns. DAT and ITT measurements correlated most closely to AGMT (r = 0.94). The correlation coefficent for IFST and RGMT were 0.74 and 0.87, respectively. The mean differences for DAT, ITT, RGMT and IFST were +0.02°C, +0.03°C, +0.25°C and +0.55°C, respectively. There were not any clinical differences (defined as a mean difference of 0.2°C) between both mean AGMT&DAT and AGMT&ITT measurements. Our study suggests that tympanic thermometer measurement could be used as an acceptable and practical method for sick newborn in neonatal units.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-dose heparin on duration of peripherally inserted percutaneous central venous catheter (PCVC) patency and catheter occlusion.Study Design: Our research was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study including 246 eligible neonates with PCVCs. It was conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Diyarbakir Children's Hospital between 1 February 2007 and 31 October 2008. In the heparin group (n ¼ 118), the total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions contained heparin, which was infused at a rate of 0.5 IU kg À1 h À1. The no-heparin group (n ¼ 121) received TPN fluids without heparin.Result: In the heparin group, the duration of catheter patency was longer than that of the no-heparin group reaching a statistically significant difference (12.4 ± 4.5 vs 9.7 ± 4.0, P<0.0001). In the heparin group, the proportion of patients completing the TPN therapy successfully was higher than in the no-heparin group (P ¼ 0.0001; relative risk (RR): 3.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.92 to 5.73)) also demonstrating a statistically significant difference. The rate of catheter occlusion among infants in the heparin group was smaller (P ¼ 0.0001; RR: 3.44 (95% CI: 1.92 to 6.44)). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of other catheter-related problems. The length of the occluded catheter outside the skin, TPN infusion rate and catheter duration time were found to be the factors associated with catheter occlusion. Heparin prevented catheter occlusion with a mechanism unrelated to these factors. Conclusion:In neonates with PCVCs, low-dose continuous infusion of heparin (0.5 IU kg À1 h À1 ) within TPN fluids is an effective measure in terms of reducing catheter occlusion, allowing successful completion of the therapy, without increasing adverse effects. Furthermore, this effect of heparin may occur independently via occlusion-related factors that we evaluated in the study.

Early morbidities, due to polycythemia may be reversed with PET within a short time. PET did not increase or cause any complications except NEC. The issue that either NEC was a sign of polycythemia or a complication of PET could not be definitely outlined.

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TANIMRinit nazal mukozanın enflamasyonu olup burunda akıntı, tıkanıklık, kaşıntı ve/veya hapşırık gibi semptomlardan bir veya daha fazlasının görüldüğü durumdur. Allerjik, nonallerjik, infeksiyöz, hormonal, mesleksel ve diğer faktörlere bağlı olarak gelişebilmek-tedir (1) . EPİDEMİYOLOJİBatılılaşmış ülkelerde toplumun % 20'den fazlasını etkilemektedir (2) . "International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood" (ISAAC) raporlarında çocuk ve adölesanlardaki allerjik rinit prevelansının dünya çapında farklılık gösterdiği, 6-7 yaş grubunun % 15'i etkilenirken, 13-14 yaş grubunun 1/3'ünün etkilendiğini belirtmektedir. Yapılan çalışmada katı-lan merkezlerin % 66'sı küçük yaş grubunda allerjik rinokonjuktivit prevelansında artma bildirirken, ülke-ler arasında 20 kattan fazla fark olduğu, İngilizce konuşulan ülkelerde allerji prevelansının daha yük-sek olduğu bildirilmiştir (3) .Bizim ülkemizde ise Denizli ilinde 13-14 yaş grubunda 3004 çocuk ile ISAAC anketi uygulanarak yapılan çalışmada hayat boyu rinit ve doktor tanılı allerjik rinit yaygınlığı sırasıyla % 34.2 ve % 4.3 olarak bulunmuştur (4) .Allerjik rinit astıma sık eşlik etmesi ve zor kontrollü astıma yol açması nedeni ile ayrı bir önem arz etmektedir. Mısırlıoğlu ve ark.(5) , 543 hasta ile yaptıkları retrospektif çalışmalarında perennial riniti olan hastaların % 88.6 ve mevsimsel riniti olan hastaların % 54.8'de astımın eşlik ettiğini bildirmiştir. ALERJİK RİNİT SINIFLAMAAllerjik rinit (AR) geleneksel olarak mevsimsel ve perennial (yıl boyu) olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrılmakta-dır. Aeroallerjenler en sık tetikleyicilerdir. Mevsimsel AR çimen, ağaç ve ot polenlerine bağlı gelişmekte iken perennial AR ise ev tozu akarı, hamamböceği,