This work was carried out to study the efficacy of thermal insulation methods during fall on brood rearing activity of F1 Carniolan and F1 Italian hybrid colonies. The experiments were conducted at a private apiary in Hehia district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.Results showed that the highest measured total sealed brood area was recorded for the thermo-insulated colonies with foam for F1 Carniolan and F1 Italian both hybrids colonies, recording 1334.8 and 1441.4 inch 2 /colony, respectively. On the contrary, control colonies received no insulation measure reared the least total sealed brood area, recording 998.8 and 1074.2 inch 2 /colony brood rearing activity of the two hybrids was the highest starting on November 1 st regardless of the insulation material. Thereafter this activity suffered gradual decrease till mid winter before it started to increase again.Italian hybrid colonies showed higher brood rearing activity during fall more than Carniolan hybrid colonies.Conclusively, from previous results, thermal insulation by foam is the best type of thermal insulation for bee sects under study.

No abstract

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) is considered as vector for numerous plant viruses, including Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV)). Experiments confirmed the ability of A. pisum adult to acquire and transmit the virus to pea plantations in Dakhlia Governorate, Egypt.The acquisition threshold feeding period ranged 1-20 min from infected pea plant to healthy celery and from infected celery plant to healthy one 15-25 min. Moreover retransmission from infected celery plants to healthy pea plants 10 -20 min. On the other hand inoculation threshold feeding period ranged from15-25 sec. The incubation period in A. pisum was 4-6 hours but in pea plants ranged from 8-11 days and in celery plants 7--9 days. The Retention period of Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) in A. pisum was 4 -5 days)Results of this study will help to understand the epidemiology of Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV)) in pea plantations .Also the pea plants and virus vector relationships of Daklia isolate are reported for the first time.Conclusively, it can be concluded that transmission experiments proved that pea enation mosaic virus is transmitted by A. pisum in a persistent manner.

The Egyptian cotton leafworm is considered the major pest that causes great damage to cotton plants as well as other vegetable crops in Egypt. This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and lufenuron compounds against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis and its natural predator Coccinella spp. during the two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018. The obtained results indicated that lufenuron compound was the most against the cotton leafworm followed by emamectin benzoate during the two experimental seasons; while the indoxacarb was the lowest toxic on Coccinella spp. Conclusively, it could be recommended to use lufenuron and indoxacarb insecticides to control the cotton leafworm in cotton fields with relatively low effect on natural predator.

The monthly average weights of pollen grains collected at three trap types along (Mar. 2018 / Feb. 2020) were conducted at apiaries of Carniolan hybrids of Elsharkia Governorate: Diarb Nigm , Abokabeer and Kafr Sakar. Statistical analysis of the 1 st year revealed that there were no significant differences in the weights of pollen grains by 1 st and 2 nd type of traps , where it was 365.8, 360.8 , 357.5 g /trap / colony, for 1 st type of traps at Diarb Nigm , Abokabeer and Kafr Sakar, respectively, and it was 337.4, 336.2 , 335.4 g , for 2 nd type of traps , respectively , while there were significant differences in the weights of pollen grains between 1 st & 2 nd and 3 rd type, where it was 258.1, 256.0 , 255.0 g /trap / colony, for the 3 rd type of traps , respectively. Statistical analysis the 2 nd year revealed that there were no significant differences in the weights of pollen by 1 st and 2 nd type of traps , where it was 364.1, 360.0 , 355.0 g /trap / colony, for 1 st type of traps at the three sites, respectively, and it was 337.9, 335.8 , 334.5 g, for 2 nd traps, respectively , while there were significant differences in the weights of pollen grains between 1 st & 2 nd and 3 rd type of traps , where it was 257.1, 256.2 , 254.2 g , for the 3 rd type of traps , respectively.