Klebsiella oxytoca is a gram-negative bacterium. It is opportunistic in nature and causes hospital acquired infections. Subtractive proteomics and reverse vaccinology approaches were employed to screen out the best proteins for vaccine designing. Whole proteome of K. oxytoca strain ATCC 8724, consisting of 5483 proteins, was used for designing the vaccine. Total 1670 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope were predicted through NetCTL while 1270 helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were predicted through IEDB server. The epitopes were screened for non-toxicity, allergenicity, antigenicity and water solubility. After epitope screening 300 CTL and 250 HTL epitopes were submitted to IFN-γ epitope server to predict their Interferon-γ induction response. The selected IFN-γ positive epitopes were tested for their binding affinity with MHCI-DRB1 by MHCPred. The 15 CTL and 13 HTL epitopes were joined by linkers AAY and GPGPG respectively in vaccine construct. Chain C of Pam3CSK4 (PDB ID; 2Z7X) was linked to the vaccine construct as an adjuvant. A 450aa long vaccine construct was submitted to I-TASSER server for 3D structure prediction. Thirteen Linear B cells were predicted by ABCPred server and 10 sets of discontinues epitopes for 3D vaccine structure were predicted by DiscoTope server. The modeled 3D vaccine construct was docked with human Toll-like receptor 2 (PDB ID: 6NIG) by PatchDock. The docked complexes were refined by FireDock. The selected docked complex showed five hydrogen bonds and one salt bridge. The vaccine sequence was reverse transcribed to get nucleotide sequence for In silico cloning. The reverse transcribed sequence strand was cloned in pET28a(+) expression vector. A clone containing 6586 bp was constructed including the 450 bp of query gene sequence.

Visible light communication (VLC) is the branch of optical wireless communi-cations that uses light-emitting diodes for the dual purpose of illumination and very-high-speed data communication. The main motivation behind the current work is finding alternatives to the saturated radio frequency spectrum, radio frequency security issue, and vulnerability to interferences. The current work is aimed at developing a module for the physical layer of a VLC-based ad hoc network in network simulation 3. The VLC physical layer module is developed by using the optical signal modules available in the network simulator.The work also includes modelling of VLC-based transmitter, wireless optical channel, and the optical receiver. Furthermore, the implementation and evaluation of the VLC-based physical layer is carried out over a typical ad hoc network under different performance metrics. The designed ad hoc network is also tested under Wi-Fi module followed by its comparison with corresponding ad hoc network under VLC module. The comparison is based on bit error rate curves, system throughput, and gain in received signal-to-noise ratio mainly.Finally, the suitability of different modulation schemes is also investigated in the current work for both Wi-Fi-and VLC-based ad hoc networks. KEYWORDS ad hoc networks, bit error rate (BER), Li-Fi, modulation SCHEMES, network simulator, NS3, OOK, PAM, PHY layer, throughput, visible light communication (VLC), VPPM, 5G mobile communication | INTRODUCTIONIn the past decade, there has been a drastic increase in the demand for high-speed data communication services (cellular networks, smart TVs, cloud-based computing, high-definition video calling, and live streaming). The existing radio frequency (RF) wireless technologies have been the forefront of telecommunication, revolutionizing the voice and data communication. 1 However, because of saturation of RF spectrum, security issues, vulnerability to interferences, and hazards of RF, low-cost and reliable technologies are required to provide efficient data communication. The discovery and growing use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have boosted the research in visible light communication (VLC) technology. 2 Visible light communication is becoming an emerging green technology aimed to providing high data rates for short-range communication and easy deployment in hospitals, planes, and areas where traditional RF systems are less preferred. 3 The VLC salient features include license and interference-free spectrum (430THz-790THz), extremely large bandwidth, inherent security, compatibility with existing technologies, and high efficiency for positioning purposes due to its line-of-sight (LoS) feature. 4