In this study, we aimed to compare supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ethanol extraction for isoegomaketone (IK) content in perilla leaf extracts and to identify the optimal method. We measured the IK concentration using HPLC and inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells from the extracts. The IK concentration was 10-fold higher in perilla leaf extracts by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) compared with that in perilla leaf extracts by ethanol extraction (EE). When the extracts were treated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at 25 µg/mL, the SFE inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleutkin-6 (IL-6), interferon-β (IFN-β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to a much greater extent compared with EE. Taken together, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is considered the optimal process for obtaining high IK content and anti-inflammatory activities in leaf extracts from the P. frutescens Britt. radiation mutant.

: We demonstrate rutile TiO 2 branched nanostructure (TiO 2 -BN) electrodes synthesized by seeding method for enhanced lithium intercalation properties. The morphology and crystalline nature of the TiO 2 -BN were clearly observed by field-emission transmission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transform pattern. The TiO 2 -BN electrodes showed excellent capacity and high rate performance. The improved lithium-ion intercalation properties of the TiO 2 -BN may be attributed to relatively large specific surface area and short transport distance of the branched nanostructure.

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The recoverability of A.F.B. by smear and/or culture of resected tuberculosis Pulmonary lesions was evaluated in a series of 87 patients. (1) The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B by smear was 89.5% and by culture 47.1%. (2) The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B. was higher in cavitary lesions than in non-cavitary lesions. (3) The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B. by culture of the resected cavitary lesions decreased with increase of the duration of preoperative durg therapy up to 5 to 6 months. Prolongation of the duration of preoperative drug therapy beyond this point resulted in an increased incidence of culturability of A.F.B. from resected specimens. The incidence of recoverability of A.F.B. in cavitary lesions by smear was 84.25% and by culture was 50.00% at the point of 7~12 months chemotherapy. (4) When the cavity was large(more than 2 cm. in diameter), the recoverability of A.F.B. by smear and culture was increased a little bit.