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Among a variety of semiconductors as the medium for photocatalytic treatment of pollutants in the form of suspended powders or immobilized phases, titanium dioxide is the most widely used due to its high stability, good performance, and low cost. In this chapter, photocatalysis of aqueous pollutants covers both organic pollutants, including pyrimidines, phenols, pesticides, synthetic dyes, etc., and inorganic pollutants, mainly focusing on nitrogen-containing ones. In the latter section, application to polymer science encircles applications to pigmentation, photocatalyst-polymer composites, and functional coating.