The sensitivity of Spodoptera littoralis 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae towards the essential oils (mint and lavender oils) and aqueous plant extracts (Artemisia herba-alba and Catharanthus roseus) were investigated under laboratory conditions and the effect of sublethal concentrations on the feeding deterrence were evaluated on the insect. Results revealed that 2 nd and 4 th instar larvae of S. littoralis were more susceptible to lavender oil than mintoil as it has higher LC50 values. In addition, the results showed that the mean feeding deterrence (FDI%) of essential oils and botanicals extracts was concentration-dependent. Therefore, these botanicals could be important as eco-friendly accessible pest control alternatives against S. littoralis and other closely related species.

No abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) on immunity and hematological profile, RBC, WBC, Hb, serum protein, albumin-A, globulin-G, A/G ratio, phygocytic activity, nitro blue tetrazolium reduction and challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophilla of apparently healthy 150 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus weighed 23.42±1.2 gram. After 84 days of exposure to AFB 1 100 and 20 µg/kg fish samples were collected then O. niloticus were treated with biological antitoxin for 3 days then samples were taken after stoppage the treatment by 7 days. Immune activities and hematological profile were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced in dose and duration of exposure dependent manner this was reflected in the health and growth performance of O. niloticus. Results indicated that improvements had achieved by lowering the AFB 1 compained with biological treatment.