There thre&models oftheory application into law studies, namely positive orpredictive economics, descriptive economics andnormative orprescriptive economics on the other hand, the economical theories which can explain about law institutions are price theory maximalisation theory, equilibrium theory, efficiency theory andso on-All of these theo ries couldprovide add values In lawresearch.Pendahuluan

This article discusses two main issues: first, what is the urgency of the change in nature of offences from ordinary offence to be complaint offence in the copyright law; second, how is the relevance of the change in the nature of the offense to protect and enforce copyright. The urgency of changes in offenses is usually an offense against complaints because copyright is an exclusive right that is personal and civil rights. This personal and civil right indicate the absolute right of the creator or the copyright holder to the results of their work, including the right to report or not to infringe their copyright. Therefore conceptually this personal and civilian nature emphasizes the alignment of mindset that the complaint offence is more appropriately applied to copyright infringement. Whereas the relevance of complaint offence for protection and enforcement of copyright can be seen from the significant role of the creator or copyright holder in the law enforcement process. The creator or copyright holder can play an active role in providing information and evidence of copyright infringement so that the law enforcement process becomes more effective and efficient. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas dua permasalahan pokok: pertama, apa urgensi perubahan delik biasa menjadi delik aduan dalam Undang-undang Hak Cipta; kedua, bagaimana relevansi perubahan sifat delik tersebut terhadap perlindungan dan penegakan hukum hak cipta. Urgensi perubahan delik biasa menjadi delik aduan adalah karena hak cipta merupakan hak eksklusif yang bersifat personal dan keperdataan. Sifat personal dan keperdataan ini mengindikasikan adanya hak mutlak dari pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta atas hasil karya ciptanya, termasuk hak untuk melaporkan atau tidak atas pelanggaran hak ciptanya. Oleh karena itu secara konseptual sifat personal dan keperdataan ini lebih mengedepankan keselarasan pola pikir bahwa delik aduan lebih tepat diterapkan terhadap pelanggaran hak cipta. Sedangkan relevansi delik aduan terhadap perlindungan dan penegakan hak cipta dapat dilihat dari peran yang signifikan dari pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta dalam proses penegakan hukum. Pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta dapat berperan aktif dalam memberikan keterangan dan bukti-bukti dari pelanggaran hak cipta tersebut sehingga proses penegakan hukum dapat berjalan lebih efektif dan efisien.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the emergence of the changing face of criminal jurisdiction in dealing with cross-border money laundering that develops dynamically due to the development of globalization. Design/methodology/approach This research was a doctrinal legal research using conceptual approach concerning the very strict principle of territorial jurisdiction in criminal law. This study also used case approach related to the application of extraterritorial jurisdiction and long-arm jurisdiction in some cross-border money laundering cases. The collection of legal materials was carried out through literature as well as case study and was analyzed qualitatively based on data reduction, presentation and concluding. Findings This study revealed that territorial jurisdiction which was originally strictly enforced by state sovereignty over crimes that occurred in its territory then changed widely with multi-territorial perspective. Because of its condition, the state then expands its authority to deal with money laundering as a cross-border crime involving more than one territorial state, namely, by using extraterritorial jurisdiction and then developed into a long-arm jurisdiction trend that allows state authorities to prosecute foreigners outside its state boundaries. Originality/value The research finding can be used as one of the alternatives by countries to break the territorial jurisdiction in combating the cross-border money laundering.

This research is aimed to analyze the criteria and form of deviation behaviour in business practice of advertisement and the deviation behaviour in business practice in the perspective of criminal law and its legal enforcement. This is a normative legal research using the regulation approach and concept approach. The data was collected and analysed using the descriptive -qualitative method. The result of the research showed that first; there are two criteria to show the deviation behaviour: fact of material and rationale consumers. Meanwhile, a number of deviations in presenting the information of advertisement through mass media including presenting the information falsely (false statement), revealing the fact misleadingly (mislead statement), giving the description incompletely (omission), giving the exaggerating opinion without any support of fact (puffery), and advertisement is contradicting with politeness, moral and ethics. Second, in the perspective of criminal law, the deviation behaviour can be categorized as the criminal act. The problem in this research is related to the legal enforcement particularly related to the unequal perception between society and the law enforcers in responding the deviation behaviour in the business practice of advertisement whether it is included in business tort or business crime. Other factor that is also impacting the enforcement of criminal law is related to the evidence, mentality of the law enforcers and society and political will of government in doing an action towards the business activity of deviating advertisement.

Merebaknya White Collar Crime (WCC), bagaimanapunjuga memerlukan sebuah terapiyang antisipatifdengan upayayang multidimensi. Berikut ini, Hanafi,5ecarapanjang lebar mengulas tentangpolitik kriminal terhadap WCC.