The localization and severity of endometriotic lesions and adhesions, as described using the #Enzian classification for endometriosis, can be diagnosed accurately on preoperative ultrasound. What are the clinical implications of this work?The recently updated #Enzian classification can be applied accurately both at preoperative ultrasound examination and during surgical resection of endometriosis, thereby enabling the use of uniform terminology for describing endometriosis.

Objective Delivery of constructs for silencing or over-expressing genes or their modified versions is a crucial step for studying neuronal cell biology. Therefore, efficient transfection is important for the success of these experimental techniques especially in post-mitotic cells like neurons. In this study, we have assessed the transfection rate, using a previously established protocol, in both primary cortical cultures and neuroblastoma cell lines. Transfection efficiencies in these preparations have not been systematically determined before. Results Transfection efficiencies obtained herein were (10–12%) for neuroblastoma, (5–12%) for primary astrocytes and (1.3–6%) for primary neurons. We also report on cell-type specific transfection efficiency of neurons and astrocytes within primary cortical cultures when applying cell-type selective transfection protocols. Previous estimations described in primary cortical or hippocampal cultures were either based on general observations or on data derived from unspecified number of biological and/or technical replicates. Also to the best of our knowledge, transfection efficiency of pure primary neuronal cultures or astrocytes cultured in the context of pure or mixed (neurons/astrocytes) population cultures have not been previously determined. The transfection strategy used herein represents a convenient, and a straightforward tool for targeted cell transfection that can be utilized in a variety of in vitro applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4249-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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STUDY QUESTION How is endometriosis extent described by the #Enzian classification compared to the revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) stages in women undergoing radical surgery for deep endometriosis (DE)? SUMMARY ANSWER The prevalence and severity grade of endometriotic lesions and adhesions as well as the total number of #Enzian compartments affected by DE increase on average with increasing rASRM stage; however, DE lesions are also present in rASRM stages 1 and 2, leading to an underestimation of disease severity when using the rASRM classification. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriotic lesions can be accurately described regarding their localization and severity by sonography as well as during surgery using the recently updated #Enzian classification for endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a prospective multicenter study including a total of 735 women between January 2020 and May 2021. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Disease extent in women undergoing radical surgery for DE at tertiary referral centers for endometriosis was intraoperatively described using the #Enzian and the rASRM classification. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 735 women were included in the study. Out of 31 women with rASRM stage 1, which is defined as only minimal disease, 65% (i.e. 20 women) exhibited DE in #Enzian compartment B (uterosacral ligaments/parametria), 45% (14 women) exhibited DE in #Enzian compartment A (vagina/rectovaginal septum) and 26% (8 women) exhibited DE in #Enzian compartment C (rectum). On average, there was a progressive increase from rASRM stages 1–4 in the prevalence and severity grade of DE lesions (i.e. lesions in #Enzian compartments A, B, C, FB (urinary bladder), FU (ureters), FI (other intestinal locations), FO (other extragenital locations)), as well as of endometriotic lesions and adhesions in #Enzian compartments P (peritoneum), O (ovaries) and T (tubo-ovarian unit). In addition, the total number of #Enzian compartments affected by DE lesions on average progressively increased from rASRM stages 1–4, with a maximum of six affected compartments in rASRM stage 4 patients. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Interobserver variability may represent a possible limitation of this study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The #Enzian classification includes the evaluation of DE in addition to the assessment of endometriotic lesions and adhesions of the ovaries and tubes and may therefore provide a comprehensive description of disease localization and extent in women with DE. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(s) No funding was received for this study. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

The case of a 9 year old male child with Down syndrome and multiple injuries including splenic injury, who was incidentally found to have bilateral Morgagni hernia is presented. Aspects of pre‐operative diagnosis and management are discussed.