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Fungi produce a series of toxic compounds on corn, especially Fumonisin B1 (FB1) toxin produced by Fusarium spp. and promoting cancer activity in humans and animals. This study aimed to the isolation and identification of fungi associated with local corn seeds and the detection for the presence of FB1 by using ELISA technique. Thirty samples of corn ears were collected from silos and markets in Baghdad city during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. The present study found that Fusarium was the dominant isolate among fungi in terms of the relative density 57.07%, followed by Aspergillus 31.17%, Rhizopus 3.36%, Alternaria 2.88%, Mucor 2.16%, Penicillium 1.92%, Trichothecium 0.96%, and Helminthosporium 0.48%. FB1 was detected in all samples of the silos and markets with a concentration range of 13.69 - 175.54 µg/kg. There were no significant differences in FB1concentration among samples collected from the silos and markets. Also, no relationship was found between the number of infected seeds by Fusarium spp. and FB1concentrations.

Hydatid disease (HD) or cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a complex and neglected disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus that causes health and economic loss. The data of disease were obtained from the Center of Communicable Diseases/ Baghdad/Iraq, for the period 2013 to 2016. Global information system (GIS) was used to create the study area and cases distribution. Total recorded number of CE cases was 61 cases distributed among different genders, age groups, and sectors in Baghdad province. The results showed that the distribution of hydatid cyst infections according to year was higher in the year 2013 (36.1%) than in other years (2014, 2015, and 2016) respectively. Percent of female infection with CE was (57%), more susceptible than male (43%). It was observed that the Sadder City (31.1%) was at greater risk of hydatid cyst infections than other sectors of Baghdad. Also, the study was found that the most susceptible age group to this disease was the age between (15–45y (73.8%)) than other age groups. This study concluded a decrease in infection by cystic echinococcosis (CE) over the previous years. This indicated the increased public awareness of the disease's transmission. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of the disease in different locations in Baghdad city.