Objectives To assess prevalence and related factors of sleep disturbances among Saudi physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through a questionnaire including items about demographic characters, knowledge about covid-19 and items to assess sleep quality that were extracted from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Results Prevalence of sleep disorders was 43.9%, doctors in the age group of 31–40 years, associate consultants had a significant higher prevalence of sleep disorders. Medical interns and laboratory/pathology/microbiology doctors had a significant more difficulty in fall asleep during COVID-19, and internists and surgeons had a significant higher percent of those who used sleeping pills. Resident doctors had a significant higher percent of having trouble in staying awake, and residents and consultants had a significant higher percent of those who suffered decreased sleep duration. Sleep quality during COVID-19 was very good, fair good and very bad in 23.4%, 60% and 3.5% of HCW respectively. The study observed a negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on HCW sleep quality. Hospitals administrations should provide optimal working hours with enough break and employ more doctors during the pandemic. Doctors experiencing sleep problems should have mandatory leaves.

Background: Diaper dermatitis (DD), commonly known as diaper rash is an inflammatory disease of the skin of diaper wearing area. It is usually seen in children belowss 24 months and is not considered by doctors as a serious problem. However, it often causes discomfort and apprehension among parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study performed through patient questionnaires. A total of 1344 patients were included in the study. A pilot was done to test the validity and reliability of developed questionnaire and also to calculate the minimum sample size for our study. By considering the values derived from the pilot study done among 50 parents of children aged 1-24 months who used diapers. A standardized methodology was followed in the validation of this questionnaire that included focus group discussion, expert evaluation, pilot study, reliability and validity assessment etc. Three experts in the field of medicine (dermatologist, pediatrician, and internist) and one biostatistician were involved in the validation of our questionnaire. Result: In our study majority of the participants were females (87.3%), and 55.3% belonged to the 20-25 years age group. The fixed orthodontic related history showed 59.8% had undergone the treatment for 1 to 3 years and 31.6% of the participants reported that they had removed the fixed braces for more than five years. Among these participants, 89.5% (n=34) reported that the fascia (space) closed between the upper frontal teeth after Frenectomy, and 65.8% (n=25) agreed that spaced between the two upper front teeth still closed after removing the retainer. Conclusion: The reported prevalence of diaper dermatitis in our study was found to more in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There is huge anxiety created among parents, and this would result in increased pediatric consultations.

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