<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Increasing the bird’s wealth and increasing the growth rate are among the goals of increasing the animal wealth so; we studied the effects of L-carnitine and calf thymus extract on growth performance and immunity in broiler chickens.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Eighty broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each group included twenty chicks. Group 1, was negative control with no treatment of feed or water. Group 2, the regular drinking water was replaced by L-carnitine-infused water (1 gram per liter). Group 3, the regular drinking water was replaced by calf thymus extract- infused water (1 ml per liter). Group 4, the regular drinking water was replaced by both L-carnitine and calf thymus extract- infused water. This treatment was administered from day 1 to day 30 of the cycle. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were assessed. The hemogram, leuckogram, total protein, globulin, albumin, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and interleukin 2 were measured.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The hemogram and leuckogram parameters recorded a significant increase in treated groups compared to non treated group. The final body weight for all treatments was nearly the same, but slightly higher with application of L-carnitine. Phagocytic activity, index, TP, globulin and IL2 were significantly increased in treated groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Both L-carnitine and thymus extract have significantly improved the general health condition, in addition, calf thymus extract improved not only the general body condition but also act has immunomodulatory effect which require more further studies.</p>

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics are commonly prescribed together. We aimed to study the kinetic profile of cefquinome (2 mg/kg b.wt.) following intramuscular administration of it alone and co-administered with meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg b.wt.) in goats.Methods: Five Egyptian Baladi goats, each goat was injected intramuscularly at the dose rate of 2 mg/kg b.wt. Cefquinome into the deep gluteal muscle of hindquarter alone and then after fifteen days washout period, these animals also injected intramuscularly at the dose rate of 2 mg/kg b.wt. Cefquinome preceded with meloxicam at the dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg b.wt. The serum concentrations of cefquinome were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, two compartment model.Results: Following a single dose intramuscular administration of cefquinome alone, peak plasma concentration (1.71±0.0189 μg/ml) was obtained at 1.59±0.0038 h. The absorption half-life (t1/2ab), total body clearance (Cltot), elimination half-life (t1/2el) and area under curve (area under concentration (AUC(0-inf)) of cefquinome were 0.4±0.0028 h, 0.068±0.78 l/h/kg, 9.21±0.178h and 29.36±0.78 µg.h.ml-1, respectively. Following a single dose intramuscular co-administration of cefquinome and meloxicam, peak plasma concentration (1.60±0.0124 μg/ml) was obtained at 1.49±0.0092 h. The absorption half-life (t1/2ab), total body clearance (Cltot), elimination half-life (t1/2el) and area under curve (AUC(0-inf)) of cefquinome were 0.396±0.006 h, 0.094±0.25 l/h/kg, 6.5±0.221 h and 21.38±0.696 µg/h/ml, respectively. Non significant alters were reported in the parameters following co-administration of Cefquinome with meloxicam.Conclusions: From our results, may be concluded that intramuscular administration of meloxicam may be successfully co-administrated with cefquinome for combating bacterial infections with an inflammatory condition in goats without any antagonistic effect.