The short-term shelf life of straw mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea) is a major challenge, hampering their wide distribution. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop a novel active packaging composed of essential oils (EOs), particularly clove oil (CO) and peppermint oil (PO), to reduce autolysis of straw mushrooms. The morphological characterizations, mechanical properties, barrier properties, and antioxidant activities of the films were characterized. The suppressive effects of the EOs on straw mushroom autolysis were estimated during storage at 16 ± 1 °C for 96 h. The results indicated that the addition of EOs weakened the mechanical and barrier properties of the films. The radical-scavenging activities of polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch-peppermint oil (PLA/PBAT/TPS-PO) and polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch-clove oil (PLA/PBAT/TPS-CO) films for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl were 56.0% and 91.3%, respectively. However, the PLA/PBAT/TPS-PO film was more effective in reducing polyphenol oxidase activity and maintaining the total phenol content of straw mushrooms, demonstrating better antioxidative activity. Mushrooms packaged with the PLA/PBAT/TPS-PO film exhibited the lowest autolysis rate (42.29%, p < 0.05) after 96 h of storage. Thus, PO is a good preservative agent for straw mushroom.

This paper presents a new parametric optimization design to solve a class of reaction control system (RCS) problem with discrete switching state, flexible working time, and finite-energy control for maneuverable reentry vehicles. Based on basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, an exponentially decreasing inertia weight function is introduced to improve convergence performance of the PSO algorithm. Considering the PSO algorithm spends long calculation time, a suboptimal control and guidance scheme is developed for online practical design. By tuning the control parameters, we try to acquire efficacy as close as possible to that of the PSO-based solution which provides a reference. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted to verify the proposed optimization approach. The results indicate that the proposed optimization and control algorithm has good performance for such RCS of maneuverable reentry vehicles.

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