Lycoris shaanxiensis Y. Xu & Z. B. Hu was a rare and endemic species to the southern Shanxi province, China. The chromosome number and karyotype of five populations of this species were described here. All plants of each population had 2n=30 chromosomes, but the karyotypical constitutions were different among populations. The karyotype formulae of this taxa was 2n=30=3m+10st+12t+5T for Huangbaocun population; 2n=30=3m+4st+18t+5T for Laoyu population; 2n=30=3m+8st+14t+5T for Shuangmingcun population; 2n=30=3m+6st+16t+5T for Jiangcun and Zudongcun populations. Based on chromosome analysis, it was suggested that L. shaanxiensis should be of hybrid origin and an allotriploid.