No abstract

No abstract

Background:The bioactive compounds of Som Jawa (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn) have many variations;one of them is flavonoid. This compound has antifungal activity towards Candida albicans, which the leading cause of topical infection. Chewable lozenges are one of the novel methods of delivering drugs for local action, especially in the mouth. Objective: To formulate chewable lozenges from Som Jawa leaves extract and evaluate their active substances. Methods: Extraction was done by rmaceration method with ethanol. The extract was evaporated using a rotary evaporator, then followed by a phytochemical investigation to express the active ingredients inside extract. Colour test was used to identify active ingredients. Som Jawa leaves extract was then formulated into chewable lozenges. Testing of physical properties of the chewable lozenges includes organoleptic test, weigh uniformity, hardness, elasticity, friability, chewiness and moisture content. Antifungal activity was tested by using a diffusion method. Result: Som Jawa leaves extract with the concentration of 50% can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans with inhibition zone diameter of 22.69 mm. The organoleptic test resulted that the dosage is odourless, brown, and chewy. Weigh uniformity resulted that all lozenges were meet the British Pharmacopoeia range with the CV < 5%. The hardness test resulted for approximately of 0.2732 Kgf. The average of elasticity, friability, and chewiness respectively was 0.0826 Kgf, 6.046 mm, and 0.4998 Kgf.mm. Conclusion: This formula chewable lozenge was potential as alternative herbal medicine for topical infection. Latar Belakang: Kandungan senyawa aktif daun Som Jawa (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn) sangat beragam, salah satunya flavonoid. Senyawa flavonoid memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans, yang merupakan penyebab utama infeksi topikal. Sediaan chewable lozenges adalah salah satu metode penghantaran senyawa aktif yang bekerja secara lokal, terutama di dalam mulut. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat chewable lozenges dari ekstrak daun Som Jawa dan menelusuri aktivitas senyawanya. Metode: Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode remaserasi dengan etanol. Ekstrak tersebut diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator, kemudian diuji secara fitokimia untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa aktif di dalam ekstrak. Identifikasi warna digunakan sebagai penanda adanya kandungan senyawa tertentu. Ekstrak daun Som Jawa kemudian diformulasikan dalam sediaan chewable lozenges. Pengujian karakteristik fisik dari chewable lozenges, meliputi organoleptik, keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, elastisitas, kekenyalan, dan kandungan air. Pengujian aktivitas antijamur dilakukan dengan metode difusi.Hasil: Ekstrak daun Som Jawa dengan konsentrasi 50% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans dengan diameter zona hambat 22,69 mm. Uji organoleptik menghasilkan data bahwa sediaan tidak berbau, bewarna coklat, dan kenyal. Keseragaman bobot memenuhi persyaratan British Pharmacopoeia dengan nilai CV < 5%.

Nutraceutical is the fusion of "nutrition" and pharmaceutical". This products, in broad, are food or part of food that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and or treatment of a disease. Kefir is renowned nutraceutical dairy products produced through fermentation of bacteria and yeasts and naturally present in grains of kefir. The nutritional attributes are due to presence of vital nutrients such as carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, minerals, phosphorus, vitamin, calcium, and certain biogenic compounds. Intestinal immunity, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, hypocholesterolemic effect, antibiabetic, effect on blood pressure level, antioxidant, wound healing, and lactose intoleran can be achieved using this products. The purpose of this review is to gather information about composition, methods of production, and therapeutic properties of kefir products to provide justification for its consumption. This review confirms that kefir can be a new role of nutraceutical products. karbohidrat, asam amino, protein, mineral, fosfor, vitamin, kalsium, dan senyawa biologis lainnya. Imunitas saluran cerna, antimikroorganisme, antikanker, efek hipokolesterolemia, antidiabetes, efek Nutraceutical merupakan perpaduan antara aspek "nutrisi (nutrition) dan farmasi (pharmaceutical)". Sediaan ini, secara luas, didefinisikan sebagai makanan atau bagian dari makanan yang memiliki manfaat terhadap kesehatan, yakni dalam hal pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit. Kefir dikenal sebagai produk nutraceutical yang berasal dari fermentasi bakteri atau ragi yang secara alami terdapat pada tiap butiran kefir. Kandungan nutrisi pada kefir terdiri dari

Objective: Ranitidine hydrochloride is a competitive inhibitor of histamine H2-receptors, the drug of choice in the treatment of ulcer. The drug has a short biological half-life of approximately 2–3 h, thus a sustained release dosage form of ranitidine HCl is desirable. The aim of this study was to formulate and in vitro evaluate micro granules of ranitidine HCl using 8% aloe vera powder due to cytoprotective effects.Methods: Micro granules were prepared by wet granulation method using aloe vera powder as bio-adhesive polymer. The animals were albino male Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups. One group as a control group, the second group as placebo, third groups received ranitidine without aloe vera, and fourth groups as the treated group received ranitidine micro granules. The damage of ulceration was induced with absolute ethanol, dosing at 1 ml/200 g animal body weight. The microscopic observation was done at the first and third day after treatment.Results: At the first day, the reference and treated group showed the lower ulcer number score mean and ulcer diameter score mean than placebo group. The ulcer index and curative value of reference group were better than treated group, 51.3% and 29.7% respectively. But, at the third day, ulcer index and curative value of treated group possessed better result than reference group, confirming that aloe vera acts as mucoadhesive polymer and gives the release of drug in a sustained manner.Conclusion: Aloe vera powder (Aloe vera (L.) Webb) can be used to formulate micro granules for the prolonged delivery of ranitidine HCl. The micro granules containing in ranitidine dose of 0,04 mg/kg body weight reduce the ulceration induced by absolute ethanolKeywords: Aloe vera powder, Microgranules, Ranitidine HCl, Ulceration, Macroscopic view