We assess the environmental hazards of 13 pesticides by means of Hasse diagrams. These diagrams are graph theoretical visualizations of partially ordered sets. A multicriteria assessment is performed, and some methodological aspects are shown. Besides the ranking results there are shown stability, sensitivity, and robustness studies. An EDV-code is available from the first author, which draws the graphs and calculates several characteristic quantities. As evaluative properties the persistence, the aqueous solubility, the vapor pressure, and the yearly usage are taken. It is shown that (i) six pesticides out of 13 are of higher risk, (ii) the selected properties are rather complete to perform a ranking, and (iii) the most important property to rank the chemicals is the aqueous solubility.

Cointegrated VARMA models can be parameterized by using the echelon form, which is characterized by the Kronecker indices. Three di erent methods for estimating the Kronecker indices of cointegrated echelon form VARMA models are discussed and compared. They have the common feature of estimating the individual equations of the system separately and using order selection criteria. The small sample performance of the methods is compared in a simulation study. It is found that the performance is better if all echelon form restrictions implied by the Kronecker indices found in preceeding steps are incorporated immediately.

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