The internal resistance is the key parameter for determining power, energy efficiency and lost heat of a lithium ion cell. Precise knowledge of this value is vital for designing battery systems for automotive applications. Internal resistance of a cell was determined by current step methods, AC (alternating current) methods, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and thermal loss methods. The outcomes of these measurements have been compared with each other. If charge or discharge of the cell is limited, current step methods provide the same results as energy loss methods.

No abstract

No abstract

It was shown by three different methods that in the unicellular and uninuclear green alga Acetabularia the nucleus is capable of determining the phase of the circadian rhythm of the oxygen balance in the cytoplasm.

No abstract