Background: Aspergillus abscesses of the kidneys are very rare complications of AIDS which usually have fatal outcome. The 4 patients described in the literature, 2 of whom had bilateral involvement, died due to this opportunistic infection. Methods: Case report of a 33-year-old patient with AIDS in stage C3 and aspergillus abscesses of the kidney. Results: Successful treatment of bilateral aspergillus abscesses of the kidneys with purely conservative antimycotic measures. This was largely due to stabilization of the immune status by supplementing antiretroviral treatment with the proteinase inhibitor indinavir. Conclusions: The options now available for improving immune status in AIDS also improve the treatment chances in renal aspergillosis.

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