Coffee price is an important indicator that stimulates farmers to advance their welfare. Unfortunately, coffee crisis makes the farm gate price uncertain and volatile. This study aims to explore the Indonesian coffee export situation related to price risks and coffee market integration between Indonesian coffee price and international price. The time series data were the coffee price from 1987 to 2014 in Indonesian domestic market and in global trade in London. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach was applied to test market integration based on Ravallion’s equation. Based on the analysis, the results of the study revealed that Indonesian coffee export performed progressively in the last decade. Export destination countries for Indonesian coffee also developed broadly.  There was market integration on the Indonesian coffee market and global price in the London terminal.  Although not fully, the shock in the international price was somehow felt in the Indonesian coffee market.  There were sufficient shreds of evidence to conclude that the Indonesian coffee market is well integrated with the international market in the long run. The changing coffee price in Indonesia and the International market adjusted in the next three years.  In short term, Indonesian coffee price was 76% influenced by international price changes, but not vice versa.JEL Classification D49; Q02; Q17

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Microbial N2-fixer and P-solubilizer were innoculated in a mixture of fresh manure and phosphate rock formulated as an Organonitrophos fertilizer. The population dynamics of bacteria and fungi growing during the composting process were observed. The inoculation treatments consisted of: K = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers (control), N = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + N2-fixer (Azotobacter and Azospirillum sp.) , P = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + P-solubilizer (A. niger and P. fluorescens), and NP = mixture of 20% phosphate rock and 80% of fresh manure + decomposers + N2-fixer + P-solubilizer. The results showed that inoculation of microbial N2-fixer and combination inoculation of N2-fixer and P-solubilizer increased the total bacterial population compared to that of the control as well as the only inoculation of microbial P-solubilizer on the 14th day of observation in which the bacteria reached the highest population. On all the observation days, the population of fungi in the inoculation of microbial P-solubilizer treatment increased significantly compared to that of the control. However, there was no difference between the populations of fungi in the inoculation of N2-fixer and combination inoculation of N2-fixer and Psolubilizer. The genus of fungy identified in the compost of the mixture of fresh manure and phosphate rock were Chytridium sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., and Fusarium sp.[How to Cite : Nugroho SG, Dermiyati, J Lumbanraja, S Triyono, H Ismono. 2013. Inoculation Effect of N2-Fixer and P-Solubilizer into a Mixture of Fresh Manure and Phosphate Rock Formulated as Organonitrofos Fertilizer on Bacterial and Fungal Populations. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 75-80. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.75][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.75]

Coffee production system in Tanggamus was mostly cultivated around forest and Sekampung watersheds.  Upstream Sekampung watersheds had been threatened by land degradation and deforestation.  Trade-off have revealed between coffee production and ecological services in water catchment area.  Enhancing the coffee productivity must be concern with environment conditions.  Coffee agro forestry is well known as a great solution to improve the land productivity.   Environment services form natural resources will be assertion and sustainable. This study is concern to explore how the coffee agro forestry in land ownership performs.  Study taken place in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus.  Respondents choose randomly amount 408 coffee farmers.  Statistic descriptive used to tabulate and compile the coffee agro forestry perform criteria.  Then the relationship between land ownership and coffee agro forestry criteria related with farmer incomes, labor availability, level of education, and experiences in coffee production were analyzed by multiple regression.  Based on the analysis was revealed that coffee plant density amount 1.774 coffee trees.ha-1 while growth with shade trees (MPTS) attain to 187 trees.ha-1. MPTS based on wood represented by 8 kind of tress, while MPTS based on non-wood trees 5 type of trees.  Multi cropping plants also appear such as pepper, cocoa, banana, and rubber.  Adoption of Coffee agro forestry in Pulau Panggung sub district, Tanggamus was well performed. Farmer income was noted amount IDR 14.449.854,-.year-1 or IDR 1.204.155,-.month-1.  The coffee farmer income was significantly influenced by shade trees (MPTS), land ownership, and land area.

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