The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the impact of internal factors and external factors on the performance of UK insurance companies. To do so, we use a sample composed of 20 insurance firms during the period from 2000 to 2018. We employ the panel data estimation to capture the impact of internal factors and external factors on the performance of UK insurance companies. We use two measures of performance such as, ROA and ROE. Our results show that size of firm, liquidity, GDP, CPI and WTI have a positive and significant effect on the performance of UK insurance companies. But we find that leverage, asset turnover and interest rate present negative and considerable impact on the profitability of UK insurance enterprises. These findings can be considered as a beneficial for insurance enterprises, directors, representatives, and shareholders in making decision and improving the profitability of their organizations.

In recent years, companies' actions towards factors of production have multiplied. The human dimension is increasingly present in decisions and companies feel socially responsible. The sustainability of companies necessarily requires limiting the negative environmental effects because of these production activities. Ethical finance in general, whether Islamic or not, is a growing demand on the part of consumers and states. The aim of this paper is to assess the risk of two ethically responsible indices such as S&P500 Shariah index and S&P500 Environment and Socially Responsible index. In this paper, we will conduct a comparative study of market risk on two ethically responsible indices: the Islamic Index of the Shariah (S&P500 Shariah index) and the S&P500 Environment and Socially Responsible index during the period from 30/09/2010 to 21/09/2018. The evolution of the market will be represented by the general index of the S&P500. To do this, we use different approaches to value at risk such as VaR parametric approach, VaR non-parametric approach and the Theory of Extreme Values approach. Our results show that, on the one hand, the S&P500 Environment and Socially Responsible index is less risky than the S&P500 Shariah index and the S&P500 index. On the other hand, the S&P500 Shariah index is at low risk when yields are extreme. We conclude that the S&P500 Environment and Socially Responsible index is less risky than the Shariah S&P500 Index when you consider that yields are moving under normal market conditions.

To do so, we use a sample composed of 20 insurance enterprises during the period from 2000 to 2018. We employ the panel data estimation to capture the impact of internal and external factors on the performance of UK insurance enterprises. We use two measures of performance such as, ROA and ROE. Findings: Our results show that the size of firm, liquidity, GDP, CPI and WTI have a positive and significant effect on the performance of UK insurance enterprises. But, we find that leverage, asset turnover and interest rate present negative and considerable impact on the profitability of UK insurance enterprises. Practical Implications: The findings of our paper can be considered as a beneficial for insurance enterprises, directors, representatives, and shareholders in making decision and improving the profitability of their organizations. Originality/value: The significant extension of our study is the using of a panel data to examine the effect of internal and external factors on the performance of UK insurance enterprises by employing two measures of performance such as ROA and ROE.