Two birds with one auric stone: The title system acts as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot tandem synthesis of imines or oximes from alcohols and the corresponding amines under mild conditions (see scheme; HAP = hydroxyapatite).
The less steps, the better: Deposition of gold nanoparticles onto nanocrystalline β‐Ga2O3 results in the formation of a solid bifunctional catalyst that can allow facile, additive‐free, aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols, aldehydes, and acetals into their respective esters in good‐to‐excellent yields (see scheme), providing an environmentally benign approach for the direct synthesis of carboxylic esters.
This paper implements a land use classification for the City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, using an object-oriented approach for six Landsat TM and ETM+ images and simulates the land use pattern in the future using Markov Chain analysis and Cellular Automata analysis based on the interactions between these land uses and the transportation network. Shannon's Entropy (an urban sprawl index) based on the land use classification results is used to measure urban sprawl. This research proves that an object-oriented approach can produce satisfactory classification results. It reveals the manner in which land use is likely to develop in the future, and demonstrates that urban sprawl continued to grow in Calgary during the years between 1985 and 2001. Such models are useful for providing the building blocks for traditional four-step transportation planning models.
Taking hydrogen from water: Gold catalysis enabled the selective reduction of nitro compounds under very mild conditions with a combination of H2O and CO as the reductant (see scheme). This environmentally friendly reaction proceeded in high yield and with high chemoselectivity in the presence of a wide range of functional groups.
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