Microalgae are ecologically important as a major primary productivity driver via photosynthetic carbon fixation. As the primary producers and food sources for higher trophic organisms, microalgae play a crucial role in maintaining the equilibrium of food webs in the aquatic ecosystem. The current shifts of global climate due to anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases have been reported to pose numerous impacts on microalgae. Extreme fluctuations in atmospheric temperature, light intensity, ultraviolet (UV) radiations, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels, and salinity can lead to alterations in growth, disruption of homeostasis, photosynthetic rate, respiration, enzymatic activity, protection to oxidative damage, and trophic transfer in microalgae. Various studies on microalgal responses to these environmental changes are ongoing to provide a deeper insight into the relationship between microalgal growth, metabolic adjustment and community structure. In this review the authors aim to highlight the recent findings on the responses of microalgae in the changing environment. AbstrakMikroalga adalah penting dari segi ekologi sebagai penggerak produktiviti utama melalui penetapan karbon secara fotosintetik. Sebagai pengeluar primer dan sumber makanan kepada organisma trofik tinggi, mikroalga memainkan peranan penting dalam mengekalkan keseimbangan siratan makanan dalam ekosistem akuatik. Perubahan iklim global akibat penghasilan gas-gas rumah hijau oleh manusia telah dilaporkan memberi pelbagai impak kepada mikroalga. Perubahan suhu atmosfera, keamatan cahaya, sinaran ultraungu (UV), paras karbon dioksida, dan kemasinan yang ketara akan membawa perubahan kepada pertumbuhan, gangguan kepada homeostasis, kadar fotosintesis, respirasi, aktiviti enzim, perlindungan daripada kerosakan oksidatif dan pemindahan trofik dalam mikroalga. Pelbagai kajian mengenai tindakbalas mikroalga terhadap perubahan alam sekitar sedang dijalankan bagi memberi pandangan yang lebih mendalam terhadap hubungan antara pertumbuhan, pelarasan metabolik dan struktur komuniti mikroalga. Dalam ulasan ini penulis-penulis akan menampilkan hasil kajian terkini mengenai tindak balas mikroalga dalam persekitaran yang kian berubah.
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