Crystallinities/morphologies of nano-/micromaterials are decisive features for their applications and can be controlled by both kinetics and thermodynamics. Adding competitors as reversible terminators/inhibitors slows down the reaction, permitting thermodynamic control of the reaction and generation of more ordered products. Here, we introduce a reversible polycondensation-termination method to switch a kinetically controlled (irreversible) reaction to thermodynamic control for the synthesis of an emerging nanoporous material, specifically a 2D covalent organic framework with high crystallinity and well-defined morphology.

Stream metacommunities are structured by a combination of local (environmental filtering) and regional (dispersal) processes. The unique characters of high mountain streams could potentially determine metacommunity structuring, which is currently poorly understood. Aiming at understanding how these characters influenced metacommunity structuring, we explored the relative importance of local environmental conditions and various dispersal processes, including through geographical (overland), topographical (across mountain barriers) and network (along flow direction) pathways in shaping benthic diatom communities. From a trait perspective, diatoms were categorized into high-profile, low-profile and motile guild to examine the roles of functional traits. Our results indicated that both environmental filtering and dispersal processes influenced metacommunity structuring, with dispersal contributing more than environmental processes. Among the three pathways, stream corridors were primary pathway. Deconstructive analysis suggested different responses to environmental and spatial factors for each of three ecological guilds. However, regardless of traits, dispersal among streams was limited by mountain barriers, while dispersal along stream was promoted by rushing flow in high mountain stream. Our results highlighted that directional processes had prevailing effects on metacommunity structuring in high mountain streams. Flow directionality, mountain barriers and ecological guilds contributed to a better understanding of the roles that mountains played in structuring metacommunity.

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