Over the years, Malaysian manufacturers struggled to mitigate the widened gap among the three aspects of TBL performance, e.g., economic, social, and environmental. Although, the economic performance is relatively elevated compared to environmental performance based on environmental performance index (EPI) data reports. Similarly, less than twenty per cent (20%) of manufacturers are ISO14001-certified out of the total registered firms in the 52nd FMM directory. The firms must employ green HRM practices to foster pro-environmental behaviour and support their managers to adopt the environmental management system (EMS) framework to reap the benefits of TBL performance. To resolve these issues, sustainability has become an essential strategy for manufacturers in addressing environmental problems due to consistent ecological awareness among stakeholders that compels firms to adopt EMS and green HRM practices to foster organizational citizenship behaviour for the environment (OCBE) and improve triple bottom line (TBL) performance. This research aimed to investigate the impact of the EMS on TBL performance through green HRM practices and OCBE via a serial mediation approach among ISO14001-certified manufacturing firms. A quantitative methodology was employed based on a positivist paradigm. The sample of 350 respondent firms was randomly targeted via standard questionnaires. Around 248 manufacturers responded with a response rate of 70%, which is sufficient for data analysis. After outliers and normality assessment, the clean data of 216 manufacturers were finally analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis revealed that EMS is positively related to OCBE, and OCBE is positively associated with TBL. EMS is positively related to green HRM practices, and green HRM practices are positively associated with OCBE. Furthermore, it was confirmed that green HRM practices and OCBE serially mediated the relationship between EMS and TBL performance among ISO14001-certified manufacturing firms. The current study also presents vital organizational and managerial implications.

Sustainability is a vital strategy for manufacturing industries to address major environmental issues. Stakeholders’ growing ecological awareness is forcing manufacturers to adopt green human resource management practices (green HRM practices) and environmental management systems (EMS) to improve sustainable performance (SP). This research explores the key themes of green HRM practices, EMS, and OCBE, and how these themes affect the environment and explain SP among ISO14001-certified manufacturing firms. This research used a qualitative methodology following an interpretivist approach. It employed the thematic networks technique, using qualitative data to achieve the objectives. The qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews conducted with HR managers and then analyzed using NVivo 12. Thematic network analysis explores basic and organizing themes within qualitative data. Four central (parent) themes, i.e., green HRM practices, OCBE, EMS, and SP, emerged. First, green HRM was sub-divided into three sub-themes: (i) green recruitment and selection, (ii) green training and development, and (iii) green assessment and rewards. Consequently, OCBE was then sub-divided into three themes: (i) eco-helping behavior, (ii) eco-initiatives behavior, and (iii) eco-civic engagement behavior emerged. Likewise, EMS was sub-divided into three themes: (i) ISO14001, (ii) EMS key benefits, and (iii) EMS key motives. Lastly, SP was further divided into three sub-themes: (i) economic, (ii) social, and (iii) environmental. This research also discusses important implications for managers and organizations.

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In Chinese society, Guanxi is an important part between people's interaction. In Chinese business, Guanxi also plays an important role and in many aspects, Guanxi has influenced the way how business in China operates. In order to understand the characteristics of Chinese guanxi and its influence on business development, this paper starts with the study about the emergence of Chinese Guanxi. Then the paper studies two important characteristics of Chinese Guanxi, which are respectively information share mechanism and trust in Chinese Guanxi. Also, the paper studies the main Guanxi in Chinese business, which are customer and supplier relationships and political relationships. The paper illustrates why these Guanxi are important in Chinese business and how these Guanxi will influence the business in China.