Risk of increasing breast and bladder cancer remains a safety issue of SGLT2 (sodium glucose cotransporter type 2) inhibitors, a novel class of antidiabetic agent. We reviewed related papers published before January 29, 2014, through Pubmed search. Dapagliflozin and canagliflozin are the first two approved SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes therapy. Although preclinical animal toxicology did not suggest a cancer risk of dapagliflozin and overall tumor did not increase, excess numbers of female breast cancer and male bladder cancer were noted in preclinical trials (without statistical significance). This concern of cancer risk hindered its approval by the US FDA in January, 2012. New clinical data suggested that the imbalance of bladder and breast cancer might be due to early diagnosis rather than a real increase of cancer incidence. No increased risk of overall bladder or breast cancer was noted for canagliflozin. Therefore, the imbalance observed with dapagliflozin treatment should not be considered as a class effect of SGLT2 inhibitors and the relationship with cancer for each specific SGLT2 inhibitor should be examined individually. Relationship between SGLT2 inhibition and cancer formation is still inconclusive and studies with larger sample size, longer exposure duration, and different ethnicities are warranted.

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Purpose: Shenfu decoction has outstanding curative effects in the treatment of COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the material basis and molecular mechanism of Shenfu Decoction through network pharmacology and molecular mechanisms, to provide a research basis for clinical medication and clues for subsequent research. Methods: The active components and targets of Shenfu decoction were searched in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and the COVID-19-associated genes were collected using the Gene Cards platform. The target protein-protein interaction network map was constructed by mapping two genes, and the 'drug-active ingredient-target' network was constructed using Cytoscape software. The Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of the mapping targets were analyzed. Result: Based on Traditional Chinese medicine, Shenfu Decoction can take effect in the lung, spleen, kidney and heart. Considering oral bioavailability (OB) ! 30% and drug-like (DL) ! 0.18 as the standard, 43 active compounds were screened and 114 Shenfu decoction action targets were collected. The key targets were CASP3,

As a new model of product creation, “interactive innovation” can effectively improve the success rate of enterprise product innovation. Because of the wide application of the Internet and the pervasiveness of social media such as forums and blogs, there is a rapid growth of product reviews online. These social media platforms provide an effective channel for interactive innovation between enterprises and users. This paper is based on the innovation application of automobile products. The purpose of this paper is to identify and classify the innovative users in automobile forums and analyze the characteristics of different user groups. First, we summarize six typical characteristics of innovative users and quantify these six characteristics. Second, we make a cluster analysis of user data and divide innovative users into three classes according to the innovation value. And then, based on the different characteristics of three types of users, we present different interactive innovation methods for three types of users. Finally, we construct a pyramid model of innovative user to show the distribution status of various users.

Increasing number of worldwide researchers and practitioners within manufacturing industry had recognized the need for an organization to implement distributed manufacturing system to be flexible and adaptable to a more demanding and fluctuating market. This paper proposes distributed architecture to control Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) operation in manufacturing industry based on multi-agent system (MAS). System and agent architectures had been designed to enable control the material handling activities. All agents are equipped with decision making capability to plan and execute their responsibilities autonomously or collectively when needed. Additionally, improvement had been made to FIPA Contract Net Protocol (CNP) to support dynamic attributes of AGV task assignment mechanism.