BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYHyponatraemia is a commonly encountered plasma electrolyte abnormality noticed in the patients admitted to ICU, which has a diverse variety of manifestations. It can lead to a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, from subtle to severe or even life-threatening and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity.

Diabetic nephropathy is a one of the risk factor for end stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Urinary micr oalbumin currently marker using for diagnosis of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its larger variability and less specificity. Urinary nephrin is podocyte protein can be act as a early predictable and prognostic marker than micro albumin for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This case-control prospective observational study included 60 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 controls after applying criteria. Basic biochemical, clinical and experimental data were measured and recorded. There was a significantly elevated level of urinary nephrin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients when compared to controls. The urinary nephrin significantly elevated in normo albuminuria group only when compared to urinary ACR and it is positive association with kidney damage. This study concluded significantly elevated levels of urinary nephrin might be used for early diagnosis and prognostic marker for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory polyarthritis of relatively common occurrence affecting about 1-2% of adult population world-wide and 0.75% of Indian adults. The disease occurs at all ages and affects all ethnic groups. For early diagnosis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis might be useful for to better treatment of the patients.  Present study aimed to assessment of adiponectin in newly diagnosed and remission rheumatoid arthritis patients. Materials and Methods: 100 Rheumatoid arthritis patients and 50 healthy volunteers with matching age, gender, and BMI were included in the study. All the subjects' biochemical, disease activity score, RA factor,ESR Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and serum adiponectin levels were assessed. SPSS and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets were used to conduct the necessary statistical analysis. Results: The patients with rheumatoid arthritis shown significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugars ,triglycerides , RA factor, ESR when compared to healthy controls (P=0.001**). Additionally we also discovered to be considerably significantly elevated levels of serum adiponectin (P= 0.001**). Furthermore there was very high significant positive correlation between serum adiponectin and disease activity score, RA factor, ESR.

BACKGROUNDDengue is a viral disease which is acquired through mosquito bites. It is spread over 128 countries globally. Bleeding is one of the complications of Dengue.Objectives-This study was designed to find the prevalence and type of bleeding in correlation with the platelet count in Dengue.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common chronic inflammatory joint disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects the joints and is marked by symmetric, peripheral poly arthritis. To estimation of adiponectin can be useful for early diagnosis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: Total 90 subjects included in the present study were 60 patients were diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis and 30 age, gender and BMI matched healthy subjects were included as controls. biochemical, disease activity score and serum adiponectin levels were measured from all the subjects. Relevant statistical analysis was done by using SPSS and Microsoft Excel Spread Sheets. Results: Fasting blood sugars, post parandial blood sugars and triglycerides when compared to controls (P=0.0001**). Serum adiponectin concentration was found to be significantly increased in RA patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). There was a significantly positive correlation between serum adiponectin and disease activity score. Conclusion: This study concludes significantly elevated levels of serum adiponectin might be used for early diagnosis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis.