Linked article: B. Naafs et al. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: e73–e74. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15947.

Background:Tumours and tumour like lesions of the colon and rectum have overlapping clinical presentation and may be difcult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone. Histopathological examination although helpful to arrive at correct diagnosis, at times may be difcult and may require ancillary tests such as immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study enrolled 125 cases of colorectal biopsies after histopathological conrmation of tumours and tumour like lesions. The specimens were received at the Department of Pathology, DMCH, Laheriasarai, Bihar from December 2019 to November 2020. Results: Out of 125 cases, 32 cases were benign tumours, 36 cases were malignant tumours and 57 cases were tumour like lesions. Most common age range was 51-60 years with mean age of 38 years. Males comprised 76.74% and females 23.26% with ratio of 3:1. Juvenile polyp was the commonest lesion. Among benign tumours, tubular adenoma was the most common (19.2%), adenocarcinoma was most common malignant tumour (25.6%) and juvenile polyp was the most common tumour like lesion (27.2%). Left side was most common side (66.67%) and rectum was the most common site (48.8%). Conclusions: The commonest indications for colorectal biopsies were tumours and tumour like lesions. Juvenile polyp was the most common tumour like lesion, tubular adenoma was the most common benign tumour and adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. Histopathological examination is a gold standard for conrmation of all tumour and tumours like lesions of colon and rectum.

Introduction: From many years ultrasonography (USG) is used to evaluate liver diseases. Common liver diseases like hepatomegaly, cirrhosis, fatty degeneration, metastatic deposition,liver abscesses. Ultrasound is non invasive, safe,effective, low-cost, time conserving and primary investigation for liver pathologies. Study objective was to ascertain ultrasound techniques assist in diagnosing different common liver pathological diseases. Material and Methods: 592 patients were selected from outpatient departments with clinical suspicion of abdominal pathology. Total abdominal scans of all patients were performed by using 3-5MHz frequency convex transducer. Results: There were 243 patients with positive ultrasound findings revealed that 48%were clinically suspected having liver related common pathologies and 52 were not clinically suspected. Out of those remaining 349 were negative ultrasound 31 (11%) cases were clinically suspected. Conclusion: Ultrasonography allows for reliable and accurate detection of moderate-severe liver pathologies, compared to histology.

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Background: Hematological parameters are major indicator of ischemic stroke. Hematological parameters and stroke incidence have not been investigated in local population. Objective: The present study was designed to assess whether hematological parameters play an important role in ischemic stroke patients. Methodology: For this purpose a cross-sectional study was done at Department of Pathology,Darbhanga Medical College andHospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar from January 2020 to August 2020. A total of 150subjects were enrolled in Medicine Department and referred to Pathology Department for various hematological test.Patients divided into two groups, control (n=50) and ischemic stroke subjects (n=100). Data regarding risk factors was collected through questionnaire. Their hematological parameters such as WBCs count, RBCs count, haemoglobin concentration, HCT, MCV, MCH and PLT count were assessed by hematology analyzer. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (version 13). Result: Mean age of control and ischemic stroke group was 61.40y±1.33 and 63.8y±1.36 respectively with non-significant difference between the groups. Among the ischemic stroke subjects, 73% of the subjects were suffering from hypertension, 53% reported diabetes, 41% had heart disease, 39% had family history of stroke, 32% were smokers and 46% use high cholesterol food. The WBCs count, MCV, MCH and HCT were found significantly higher in ischemic stroke subjects when compared with control group while the significant decrease was observed in RBCs count and hemoglobin concentration. PLT count increased in ischemic stroke subjects as compared to control group. Conclusion: It was concluded that in ischemic stroke patients hematological parameters were greatly altered.