Estimation of Iron status in children with first febrile seizure (FFS). Iron status was evaluated by including Hemoglobin, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Serum ferritin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was conducted all children with first febrile seizures and febrile illnesses (FI) in Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit and Pediatrics Wards of Sri Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara from January 2010 to June 2011. The blood samples from the 50 children comprising the cases and 50 children comprising the controls constituted the material for the study. RESULTS : In the present study 58% cases were diagnosed as Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) with Febrile Seizure (FS); 18% controls were diagnosed as IDA with Febrile Illness. IDA was more frequent among children with FS than those with febrile illness alone. The result suggests that IDA may be a risk factor for FFS. Screening for IDA should be considered in children with FFS. CONCLUSION: Iron Deficiency Anemia is associated with the severity of a febrile illness, and more severe cases could be more likely to get seizures.