Since its emergence in 2011, Indonesian Electronic Id-card has been widely used as authentication or citizen identity. Several issues like deep difficulty in detecting id-card field and also difficulty in character recognition data in id-card should be concerned. In this research, we propose a technique detect electronic Id-card using combination of Image Processing and Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The result, we can obtain 98% accuracy of Id-card detection using our image processing techniques and OCR. This research was embedded in website interface which used by automotive company.
Background
New dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors need to be developed to be used as agents with low adverse effects for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aims to build quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models using the artificial intelligence paradigm. Rotation Forest and Deep Neural Network (DNN) are used to predict QSAR models. We compared principal component analysis (PCA) with sparse PCA (SPCA) as methods for transforming Rotation Forest. K-modes clustering with Levenshtein distance was used for the selection method of molecules, and CatBoost was used for the feature selection method.
Results
The amount of the DPP-4 inhibitor molecules resulting from the selection process of molecules using K-Modes clustering algorithm is 1020 with logP range value of -1.6693 to 4.99044. Several fingerprint methods such as extended connectivity fingerprint and functional class fingerprint with diameters of 4 and 6 were used to construct four fingerprint datasets, ECFP_4, ECFP_6, FCFP_4, and FCFP_6. There are 1024 features from the four fingerprint datasets that are then selected using the CatBoost method. CatBoost can represent QSAR models with good performance for machine learning and deep learning methods respectively with evaluation metrics, such as Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, and Matthew’s correlation coefficient, all valued above 70% with a feature importance level of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%.
Conclusion
The K-modes clustering algorithm can produce a representative subset of DPP-4 inhibitor molecules. Feature selection in the fingerprint dataset using CatBoost is best used before making QSAR Classification and QSAR Regression models. QSAR Classification using Machine Learning and QSAR Classification using Deep Learning, each of which has an accuracy of above 70%. The QSAR RFC-PCA and QSAR RFR-PCA models performed better than QSAR RFC-SPCA and QSAR RFR-SPCA models because QSAR RFC-PCA and QSAR RFR-PCA models have more effective time than the QSAR RFC-SPCA and QSAR RFR-SPCA models.
Indonesian ID Card can be used to recognize citizen of Indonesia identity in several requirements like for sales and purchasing recording, admission and other transaction processing systems (TPS). Current TPS system used citizen ID Card by entering the data manually that means time consuming, prone to error and not efficient. In this research, we propose a model of citizen id card detection using state-of-theart Deep Learning models: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The result, we can obtain possitive accuracy citizen id card recognition using deep learning. We also compare the result of CNN with traditional computer vision techniques.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.