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A novel broadband RHCP/LHCP reconfigurable patch antenna array using an E-shaped patch antenna element is investigated. By applying Particle Swarm Optimization, a 17% S11-AR bandwidth was achieved and verified through measurement for the isolated element using MEMS switches at an overall substrate thickness of 0.092λ0. The achieved bandwidth is significantly higher than the current state-of-the-art in single-layer, single feed CP patch element designs with similar substrate thickness. A small percentage of the upper frequency band experiences a pronounced beam squint similarly to other thick substrate CP patch antennas. To overcome the beam squint, a novel rotated-element configuration is implemented to force pattern symmetry. Derivations of pattern symmetry and network effects are also shown. The final design prototype using rotated elements provides a measured 20% S11-AR bandwidth with good radiation pattern stability.

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