A tht'ort'tlcal study of th«' Input lmpt'danct' of a rt'ctangular mlc:rostrlp antt'nna Is presented. The antenna is excited by a coaxial line. Green's function tt'chnlque and the equivalent Impedance boundary condition have been used. The feed pin size, the feed location and tht' boundary admittance are shown to be Important. The expression for the Input Impedance Includes the dfect of feed pin size, the feed location, the radiated power and the fringe capacitance. A theoretical curve of the Input lmped .. nce has been ploth•d for a specific microstrip antenna.

In this research paper a short review on smart antenna is presented. The smart antenna consisting of micro strip patches array has been presented. It will enable a higher capacity in wireless networks by effectively reducing multipath and co-channel interference. This is achieved by focusing the radiation only in the desired direction and adjusting itself to changing or signal environment. A Nobel technique is investigated to form the desired shape forming of beam. This has become a part of range improvement and increase in capacity of smart antenna.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the commonest endocrine disorder in population. This clinical syndrome is due to either absolute or relative insulin deciency. Currently number of diabetics worldwide is 422 million. In India the projected increase is from 20 to 62 million, The term diabetes is derived from Greek words Dia meaning “through”, and Bainein meaning “to go”. This disease causes loss of weight as if the body mass is passed through urine. It is a disease known from ancient times. Charaka in his treatise, elaborated this disorder as “Madhumeha” (meaning sweet urine) around 400 BC. Aim & Objective: The level of fasting insulin and serum c-peptide in individual with high BMI /sedentary life style; newly diagnosed cases of hypertension / type2 DM; and old cases of diabetes mellitus. Raised level of serum insulin and c-peptide as a cause of progressive diabetes which can lead to cardiovascular complications and help to prepare patient. Materials And Methods: It is an observational cross sectional study done in the diabetic outpatient clinic of our hospital. 60 diabetic patients were evaluated for fasting plasma glucose level, post prandial glucose level, Glycosalated haemoglobin HbA1c, fasting Insulin and fasting C-peptide level. Results And Analysis: From the above table it was inferred that there is very strong positive correlation of HbA1c with C-PEPTIDE and INSULIN ( r > 0.7 and p value = .000 ). From the table it is inferred that there is a very strong positive correlation of INSULIN with C-PEPTIDE ( r > 0.7 and p value =.000 ). From table it is inferred that C-PEPTIDE has a strong negative correlation with SBPand DBP. (r value > 0.7 and p = .000 ). From table it is inferred that INSULIN has a strong negative correlation with SBPand DBP. ( r value > 0.7 and p =.000). Summary & Conclusion: The level of serum insulin and c-peptide is found to be higher in “newly diagnosed” cases than that of “old diagnosed” cases and this can be explained by the fact that treatment modies the course of disease and slows its progression. With passage of duration, hypertension starts to build up in established cases of diabetes. C-peptide and serum insulin testing should be done in patients with poor blood glucose control to decide treatment modalities and to create awareness about lifestyle modications and education to Prevent progression of prediabetic stage to diabetic and further to its complicated stage.