The fuel cell differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (FC‐DEMS) measurements were performed for studying the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), using alkaline membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) made up of nanoparticle Pt catalyst and alkaline polymeric membranes. The obtained results indicate that in an alkaline medium, ethanol undergoes significantly more complete electro‐oxidation to CO2 than in an acidic MEA using the same Pt anode. The CO2 current efficiency (CCE) can be compared for acidic and alkaline MEA with similar electrochemical active area on the anode side. The CCE estimated, in case of alkaline MEA with Pt anode, is around 55% at 0.8 V/RHE, 60 °C and 0.1 M ethanol. In comparison, under similar conditions, acidic MEAs using the same anode catalyst show only 2% CCE. This might indicate that the C–C bond scission rates are much higher in alkaline media. However, the mechanism of ethanol oxidation in alkaline media is not exactly known. CO2 produced in electrochemical reaction forms soluble carbonates in the presence of aqueous alkaline electrolyte. This makes it difficult to study ethanol oxidation in alkaline media using FTIR or model DEMS systems. The alkaline polymer electrolyte membranes as used in this study for making alkaline MEAs provide an important opportunity to observe CO2 produced during EOR using FC‐DEMS system.

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This article aims to examines the implementation of government affairs. So that it excludes regi­ons to get involved directly and independently in order to manage and fight for the interests of the­ir regions. Therefore, the issue of authority relations is related to how to determine the house­hold affairs of the autonomous regions. Thus, the effort to find the ideal form of relationship between the center and the regions within the framework of a unitary state is not an easy problem to find. However, in the author's perspective, the relative autonomy model is a better choice of models to create a pattern of authority relations between the central government and regional governments

Spread of the virus can also occur between cities, countries and continents including the spread of H1N1 pandemic in 2009, the virus H7N9 that once plagued the plains of China, Virus Ebolla 2014 outbreak in the peninsula mainland West Africa, In this paper Mathematical model is constructed based on Metapopulation in 2 Region are connected by three tracks that do not intersect, therefore displacement individually in each region will not move trajectory, movement of individual populations between the Region is influenced by the density function Kernel Exponential and Laplace so Model Metapopulation shaped Equation System differential Partial-Integral loading the second region, stability and persistence analysis conducted through the basic reproduction number and Lipschitz constant showed that the analysis so that the system can be done through a model of each region’s to subsystem and system stability and persistence of the population affected by the virus and infected susceptible to the limited and quite large.

This research aimed at analyzing the correlation between learning motivation and the English achievement of Midwifery students. The research was conducted at Midwifery Academy of Harapan Mulya Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. The respondents were 39 students. Data were collected through motivational questionnaires adopted from the ARCS Keller’s model, namely Course Interest Survey (CIS), and Instructional Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS). The English achievement was obtained from the score of the final exam with the correlation analysis used was Pearson Product Moment. The result of the statistical test of the correlation between learning motivation based on students’ perception of the Instructor-led instruction and English achievement showed the level of significance that was 0,008<0,05 with coefficient correlation 0,431. The correlation of learning motivation based on students’ perception toward instructional materials with English achievement showed the correlation coefficient that was 0,349 with significance level 0,029<0,05. The result shows that there is a significant correlation between learning motivation and English achievement. The researchers suggest that the lecturers improve the motivation of students’ learning through improving lecturers’ competencies in teaching, using appropriate learning methods, and teaching materials that are in accordance with the field of student interest in learning.