Summary Neurobasis chinensis chinensis of the family Calopterygidae is the only species of this genus present in India. This species was collected from Andretta and Mcleodganj areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. The species possesses 2n=23 which is less than the type number (2n=25) of the family. The chromosome complement shows the presence of large pair of autosomes originated by the fusion of two autosome pairs and is responsible for the reduction in the chromosome number. This fusion has been confirmed by C-banding with the presence of two interstitial and terminal C-bands on the largest autosomal bivalent having two chiasmata while remaining autosomal bivalents possess terminal C-bands and single chiasma which is the characteristic feature of Odonata. Ag-NOR staining shows the presence of terminal NOR bands in seven autosomal bivalents and the X chromosome is rich in NORs. C-banding and Ag-NOR staining have been performed for the first time on this species.

Cytotaxonomy is useful for separating sister and cryptic species as well as for figuring out the evolutionary relationship between taxa. Family Coenagrionidae is considered as one of the largest zygopteran families under order Odonata. Globally, a lot of investigation has been undertaken on the family Coenagrionidae and significantly contributed by biologists throughout the world. Type number of the family Coenagrionidae is n=14 with XO-XX type of sex determining mechanism. Karyotypic variations within and between species are observed due to chromosome breaks and fusions, absence/presence of m chromosomes because of the holokinetic nature of chromosomes. Cytogenetically, 107 coenagrionid species have been studied all over the world which also includes 37 species from India. Among these, most of the species possesses n=14 haploid complement, while variation in chromosome number has been observed in 25% species.