2 Investigador en manejo de cultivos tropicales, elaboración y aplicación de abonos orgánicos. RESUMEN Se evaluó el efecto de dos tutores y cinco tipos de biofertilizantes en el crecimiento y desarrollo de Plukenetia volubilis L. sacha inchi en un suelo de baja fertilidad. La plantación se estableció utilizando el diseño de bloques completos al azar en parcelas divididas, siendo las parcelas principales dos sistemas de tutor y las sub parcelas cinco tipos de biofertilizantes. Los cinco biofertilizantes fueron: Biol, Biol mas frutos de Solanum torvum, Biol más hojas de Carica papaya, Biol más hojas de Cymbopogon citratus y Biol más hojas de Chondrodendron tomentosum, más un testigo (SB) por cada sistema de tutor, teniendo un total de-1 doce tratamientos y tres bloques. Las dosis de aplicación fueron de 15 L.ha , divididas en aplicaciones-1 quincenales a razón de 1.5 L.ha en campo definitivo, las evaluaciones fueron realizadas cada quince días durante 5 meses. Los resultados indican que con los tratamientos T4 y T8 se redujeron los días para la fructificación, lográndose el mayor número de frutos con los tratamientos T4, T9 y T10, mejorando la productividad de plantas de P. volubilis L. ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of two tutors and five types of biofertilizers on growth and development of Plukenetia volubilis L. in a soil of low fertility. The plantation was established using design randomized complete block split plot, with the two sets of main plots and sub plots tutor five types of biofertilizers. Biofertilizer five were: Biol, Biol more fruits of Solanum torvum, Biol more Carica papaya leaves, Biol more Cymbopogon citratus sheets of and Biol more Chondrodendron tomentosum sheets, and a control (SB) for each tutor system, having a total twelve treatments and three blocks. The application rate was-1-1 15 l.ha , divided into fortnightly applications by 1.5 l.ha final field evaluations were performed every two weeks for 5 months. The results indicate that the T4 and T8 treatments reduced fruit set days and the highest number of fruits per plant was achieved with T4, T9 and T10 treatments, improving the productivity of plants of P. volubilis L.
RESUMOEste trabalho objetivou verificar a influência do tipo e doses de adubo de liberação lenta (ALL) e da percentagem de ocupação da bandeja pelos tubetes (OB), durante o pré-viveiro, no crescimento, nutrição e partição de matéria seca de mudas de dendezeiro. O experimento foi constituído de 16 tratamentos, em esquema fatorial, compreendendo dois tipos de ALL (Osmocote® e Basacote mini), duas doses (0 e 3 kg/m 3 de substrato) e quatro OB (100%, 66%, 50% e 25 %), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Ainda, houve um tratamento adicional em sacos plásticos contendo 1,5 dm 3 de solo. Sementes pré-germinadas de dendezeiro foram colocadas em tubetes contendo substrato comercial e em sacos contendo solo. Aos três meses, todas as mudas foram transplantadas para sacos plásticos de 40 x 40 cm contendo solo avaliando a altura de planta e diâmetro do coleto, a matéria seca e o teor de N, P, K, Ca e de Mg. Aos 10 e 16 meses de idade, foram avaliados a altura e diâmetro e aos 16 meses a matéria seca. A adição de ALL no pré-viveiro foi fundamental para a formação final das mudas. A OB no pré-viveiro não influenciou o crescimento em altura e diâmetro aos 10 e 16 meses de idade. A altura das mudas produzidas em tubetes foi superior, aos 10 meses de idade, com o Osmocote®, comparada ao Basacote mini. Aos 16 meses, não houve diferença de crescimento entre as plantas com os diferentes tipos de ALL, havendo somente efeito da dose utilizada. Palavras-chave: dendê; produção de mudas; adubação; espaçamento. ABSTRACTThis research had as objective to verify the influence in growth, nutrition and dry matter partition in oil palm seedling by type and dosages of slow release fertilizers (SRF) and percentage of tray occupation by plastic containers during pre-nursery. The experiment consisted of 16 treatments, in factorial scheme: two types of SRF (Osmocote® e Basacote mini), two dosages (0 and 3 kg/m 3 ) and four schemes for the container distribution used to attain 100%, 66%, 50% and 25% of tray occupation. An additional treatment composed of 15 x 15 cm plastic bags filled with soil was added. Pre-germinated seeds of oil palm were put in plastic containers of 120 cm 3 containing substratum and in plastic bags containing soil. After three months, the seedlings were transplanted to 40 x 40 cm plastic bags containing soil. At this time, height, diameter, dry matter and concentration of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were evaluated. After 10 months, seedlings were evaluated for height and diameter and after 16 months, seedlings had the height, diameter and dry matter weight evaluated. Addition of SRF was fundamental for seedlings development. Different percentages of tray occupation by containers during pre-nursery did not influence height and diameter of oil palm seedlings at 10 and 16 months old. The evaluation after 10 months showed that plants fertilized with Osmocote® were higher than those fertilized with Basacote mini. The evaluations after 16 months showed that plants fertilized during the pre-nursery had higher height,...
ABSTRACT. Heart of palm harvesting and exploitation has reduced the natural reserves of açaí and juçara; hence, the peach palm is an excellent option as source of heart of palm that can reduce the pressure on these two species. The peach palm has high tillering and no post-harvest oxidation. An experiment in a randomized block design with 72 progenies of peach palm, 36 replications and a single tree plot was performed for five years at the experimental field of Embrapa in the Western Amazon. Genetic parameters were estimated using two mixed models, one based on progeny means and the second on joint information from crops. A repeatability analysis, genotype selection, and progeny selection were performed; the Mulamba and Mock selection index was determined; and Tocher's clustering method was applied. The repeatability analysis revealed the existence of genetic variability, low repeatability, which ranged from 0.3307 to 0.6698 for five years. The analysis performed through the progeny means showed a heritability that varied from 51% to 23% for in all variables; the clustering revealed two groups. The progeny selection should be the main selection strategy, and crosses of superior progenies of different groups should be emphasized.Keywords: heart of palm, perennial breeding, amazon.Variabilidade genética e seleção de progênies de pupunheira via modelos mistos (REML/BLUP) RESUMO. A coleta de palmito via extrativismo vem reduzindo as reservas naturais de açaí e juçara, sendo o palmito de pupunha uma excelente opção para obtenção de palmito plantado, pois além de diminuir a pressão da exploração extrativista sobre essas duas espécies, possui alto grau de perfilhamento e não apresenta oxidação pós-colheita. Foram testadas 72 progênies de pupunheira, em cinco anos, no campo experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, em delineamento blocos casualizados com 36 repetições e uma planta por parcela. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados através de modelos mistos (REML/BLUP), foram também realizadas análises de repetibilidade, seleção de progênies, seleção de indivíduos por meio de BLUP individual, índice de seleção Mulamba-Rank e agrupamento de otimização de Tocher. As análises realizadas revelaram a existência de variabilidade genética, baixa repetibilidade, variando de 0,3307 até 0,6698 para cinco anos e herdabilidades variando de 51% a 23% para seleção de progênies nas variáveis analisadas, o agrupamento revelou dois grupos distintos. A seleção de progênies deve ser a principal estratégia de seleção e cruzamentos entre progênies superiores de grupos diferentes devem ser enfatizados.Palavras-chave: palmito, melhoramento de perenes, amazônia.
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a species native to the Amazon region for which studies of genetic diversity are required to ensure the success in programs to breed cultivars for agriculture. The purpose of this study was to assess the genetic diversity among sacha inchi accessions using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Thirty-seven accessions of the sacha inchi germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental were analyzed. The markers were identified with four primer combinations. The percentage of polymorphic loci was estimated and the similarity of accessions analyzed by calculating the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard coefficient and cluster analysis. The primers revealed 191 polymorphic loci. The parameters of the similarity values in class intervals were on average 0.739 and variance 0.01. The estimates of the number and percentage of the genetic distance values per class interval were highest in the range of 0.7 to 0.79, (248 and 37.24%, respectively); the highest percentage, 69.22%, corresponded to values of genetic distance above 0.7, showing mostly high genetic diversity among the accessions. The results indicated a geographic structure among accessions in relation to their origin, generating consistent and valuable data for breeding programs and species conservation.
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