Many industrial firms in Russia have undergone changesBroadman sketches a reform agenda for Russia's postin ownership, but relatively few have been competitively privatization program, which emphasizes the restructured. Using survey and other data, Broadman restructuring of anti-competitive structures and the suggests that much of Russian industry is immune from reduction of barriers to entry. Broadman's proposed robust competition because of heavy vertical integration, reform agenda calls broadly for strengthening Russia's geographic segmentation, and the concentration of nascent rules-based framework for competition policy to buyers and sellers in selected markets.reduce discretion, increase transparency, and improve Moreover, regulatory constraints protect incumbent accountability. firms from competition with new entrants, both domestic and foreign. This papera product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Regional Office-is part of a larger effort in the region to assess structural reform in Russia. Copies of the paper are available free from the World Bank,

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Corruption is now recognized to be a pervasive phenomenon that can seriously jeopardize the best-intentioned reform efforts. This paper presents an analytical framework for examining the role basic market institutions play in rent-seeking and illicit behavior. The empirical results suggest that high barriers to new business entry and soft budget constraints on incumbent firms are particularly important institutional factors engendering opportunities for corruption. The findings also support the notion that economic development and maturation of democratic processes both temper corruption, as does, to a lesser extent, openness to international trade.Corruption, Transition, Institutional Development,

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