This paper will look at the weak-form efficiency of the foreign exchange market in thirty (30) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. We employ Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Philip-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin analysis to examine for the unit root. Using weekly data for the period 2000 to 2007, the results for weak-form efficiency using ADF and PP tests indicate that the exchange rates studied follow random walks. The current value of the exchange rate cannot be predicted using its past values. In addition, the OECD foreign exchange market consistent with the weak-form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis.

Takaful (Islamic insurance) industry is a developing rapidly in Malayssia since it was launched in the early 1984. It has emerged as an important component of the Islamic financial system in the country on competitive basis with conventional insurance. A clear understanding of consumer requirements is an essential to assist the provider of takaful in Malaysia to be proactive in offering an Islamic financial service with reliable information. This study is to determine the factors that influence the participation in Takaful (Islamic insurance) among the consumers in the East Coast regison of Malaysia. 100 respondents were selected in this study through the questionnaire. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive analysis and correlation were applied to this study.

Earnings management at the time of the IPO is an important issue because it can lead investors to pay an unreasonable price for their shares. The paper reviews whether IPO firms engage in earnings management discretionary behaviour, by focusing on the accrual-based earnings management (AEM) models. It also determines on the influence of opportunistic behaviour and ownership control mechanisms towards earnings quality of IPO firms. The Jones, Modified Jones, Performance Matched, and Total Accrual Models wiil be used to investigate accrual activity behaviours in IPO firms. The quality of financial reporting in IPO firms is expected to be enhanced by limiting the opportunistic managerial discretion and ownership control mechanisms.

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Wetlands provide environmental and social values: habitats for many plants and animals, including threatened and endangered species; flood storage and storm-water regulation; groundwater recharge; water pollution filtration and sediment trapping; and soil protection from erosion. In the past two decades, managing and raising the general level of environmental awareness on all levels of society has become one of the main social goals that has reached a level of social and political consensus unseen ever before. Considering that only things that can be measured can actually be managed, the measuring of environmental awareness based on scientific criteria is becoming increasingly interesting to scientists working in different disciplines. The purpose of this research are, first, to identify the environmental awareness level toward Setiu Wetlands in Terengganu and second, to examine the relationship of wetland background and wetland issues towards environmental awareness among public people on Setiu Wetlands in Terengganu. Factor analysis were employ to elicit the main contributing factors and the result indicated a high level of awareness toward Setiu Wetland in the scope of knowledge wetland background, wetland issues and environmental attitude. Setiu Wetlands should have comprehensive policies to manage and conserve while the values of wetlands can give beneficial to the communities. How ever, the level of environmental awareness among public on Setiu Wetlands in terengganu should be measure to ensure either the policy maker, properly conserve and manage Setiu Wetlands in good manner.