Visible-light induced perfluoroalkylation of the α-position of aldehydes via enamines was developed. The reaction proceeds by electron donor-acceptor complexation of the enamine and perfluoroalkyl iodide without any additional redox catalyst. A variety of perfluoroalkyl groups are tolerated to give various quaternary α-perfluoroalkyl aldehydes. An example using proline-derived chiral amine gives high enantioselectivity.

To examine whether serum obtained from bone marrow-transplanted mice can selectively expand hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) among whole bone marrow cells in vitro, whole bone marrow cells were cultured with or without MS-5 murine stromal cells in the presence of serum obtained from transplanted mice on day 3 (day 3 serum) or serum from normal mice for 7 days. When whole bone marrow cells and MS-5 cells were co-cultured in day 3 serum for 7 days, the c-kit-positive, Sca-1-positive, lineage marker-negative cells (KSL cells) expanded approximately 25 times; however, when they were co-cultured in normal serum for 7 days, the KSL cells expanded approximately 1.3 times. Direct contact between the whole bone marrow cells and MS-5 cells was essential for expansion of KSL cells in the co-culture, and it upregulated the expression of some cytokines in MS-5. Above all, the day 3 serum specifically upregulated the expression of SCF, SDF-1 alpha, G-CSF, IL-11 and IL-6 in MS-5. The level of testosterone in the day 3 serum was higher than normal serum and the addition of the testosterone in the culture expanded the KSL cells among whole bone marrow cells on MS-5 cells and also upregulated the expression of SDF-1 alpha, IL-11 and IL-6 in MS-5. These data indicates that the serum of bone marrow-transplanted mice contains a factor(s) that induced changes in the expression levels of various cytokines in MS-5 stromal cells and enabled the MS-5 cells to expand the KSL cells among whole bone marrow cells.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how the influence of the controlling lighting and image in the restroom, using subjective evaluation and physiological data, to design a newly restroom. We designed three types of restrooms, and images were evaluated with interior impression evaluation. We carried out kinds of physiological test, psychological test, working tasks to measure changes and effects due to entering the designed space. As a result, the space called "Relaxing" and "Refreshing" might have the fatigue reduction effect, quantity and quality of task was tended to increase.