effect that probably does not involve response selection processes (i.e., it is found when there is response certainty) occurs when there is uncertainty about the temporal interval between signal onsets. This effect is avoided in the present research, as in most recent PRP research, by varying signal onset intervals only between blocks of trials, not within.

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A probe recognition task was used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of semantic and phonemic encoding in STM. On each trial a list of 10 words was presented at a rate of either 350, 700, or 1400 msec per word. Recognition was tested with a probe which could be a homonym, a synonym, or identical to one of the words in the list. The retention functions for all three probe types were similar in shape, supporting the hypothesis that semantic encoding is possible in STM. An interaction between type of encoding and rate occurred, indicating that encoding is a time-dependent serial process.